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Endocrine > Adrenal and pituitary pathology > Flashcards

Adrenal and pituitary pathology Flashcards

1
Q

what is the pituitary gland located in

A

sella turcica of skull

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2
Q

adenohypophysis

A

anterior pituitary

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3
Q

neurohypophysis

A

posterior pituitary
doesnt have glandular tissue

a big collection of axonal projections coming from hypothalamus

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4
Q

what does the posterior pituitary secrete

A

oxytocin and adh

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5
Q

hormone secreting cells of adenohypophysis

A

corticotrophs -ACTH
thyrotrophs - TSH
lactotrophs- prolactin
gonadotrophs- FSH and LH
somatotrophs- gh
mammosomatotrophs

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6
Q

pale cells

A

chromophobes

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7
Q

stained pink

A

somatotrophs and lactotrophs

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8
Q

stains purple

A

corticotrophs , thyrotrophs and gonadotrophs

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9
Q

transcription factors in adenohypophysial

A

TPIT, PITI, SFI

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10
Q

Adenomas of PIT1 lineage

A

Somatotroph PitNET
Growth hormone producing

Lactotroph PitNET
Prolactin producing

Mammosomatotroph PitNET

thyrotroph PitNET; tsh producing

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11
Q

TPIT lineage tumour

A

corticotroph PitNET ; acth producing

causes cortisol excess

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12
Q

SF1 lineage

A

gonadotroph PitNET; often referred to as silent adenomas

usually related to headaches

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13
Q

Plurihormonal PitNET

A

Tumour cells express hormones or transcription factors or more than one lineage

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14
Q

Multiple synchronous PitNETs of distinct lineages

A

Multiple synchronous PitNETs of distinct lineages

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15
Q

where do adrenal cortical cells aise from

A

mesoderm

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16
Q

inside bit of adrenal gland

A

adrenal medulla

17
Q

cells in adrenal medulla

A

chromaffin cells

18
Q

where are catecholamine secreted from

A

chromafin cells in adrenal medulla

19
Q

where do chromaffin cellls arise from

A

ectoderm

20
Q

what does excess secretion of glucocorticoids lead to

A

hypertension, impaired wound healing, osteoporosis, adiposity of face and trunk, along with immunosuppressive and growth suppressive effects

21
Q

most important mineralocorticoid

A

aldosterone

22
Q

layers of adrenal cortex

A

zona glomerulosa- outer
zona fasciculata- middle
zona reticularis - inner

23
Q

what does the outer layer of adrenal cortex produce

A

aldosterone

24
Q

what does the middle and inner layers of adrenal cortex produce

A

middle mainly glucocorticoid

inner mainly andorgens

25
Q

adrenal cortical adenoma

A

usually unilateral
can be functional/ unfunctional
benign
functioning may lead to specific syndromes

26
Q

system used to evaluate risk of adrenal malignancy

A

weiss System

27
Q

adrenal medulla pathologies

A

pheochromocytoma - neoplasm of chromaffin cells

produce excess catecholamines leadin gto overstimulation of sympathetic nervous system

28
Q

paraganglioma vs phaeochromocytoma

A

If arising from adrenal medulla = pheochromocytoma

If arising from extra-adrenal tissue = paraganglioma

Endocrine (45 decks)

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