Assessment of infertility

Question 1

factors affecting infertility

Answer 1

chlamydia
- Older
Obesity

Question 2

infertility

Answer 2

failure to achieve a clinical pregnancy after 12 months of more of regular unprotected sex in a couple who have never had a kid

Question 3

primary infertility

Answer 3

couple whom have never concieved

Question 4

secondary infeetility

Answer 4

couple previously ocncieved although pregnancy may not havhe been successful

Question 5

incresed chance of conception

Answer 5

Woman aged under 30 years
* Previous pregnancy
* Less than three years trying to conceive
* Intercourse occurring around ovulation
* Woman’s body mass index (BMI) 18.5 – 30m/kg2
* Both partners non-smokers
* Caffeine intake less than two cups of coffee daily
* No use of recreational drugs

Question 6

common causes of secondary infertility

Answer 6

tubal disease
fibroids
endometriosis/adenomyosis
weight related
age related

Question 7

anovulatory infertility

Answer 7

inability to concieve due to absent or irregular periods

Question 8

causes of anovulatory infertility

Answer 8

PCOS
hypothalamic dysfunction
premature ovarian failure
thyroid disorders
hyperprolactinaemia

Question 9

features of premature ovarian failure

Answer 9

• High FSH
• High LH
• Low oestradiol

Question 10

clinical features of premature ovarian failurw

Answer 10

hot flushes, night sweats m atrophic vaginitis, amenorrhoea , infertility

Question 11

premature ovarian failure

Answer 11

Occurs when the ovaries stop functioning normally before age 40

Question 12

tubal disease

Answer 12

any condition affecting fallopian tubes impacting their structure/ function

Question 13

endometriosis

Answer 13

presence of endometrial glands outside uterine cavity

Question 14

male causes of infertility

Answer 14

hypothyroidism
diabetes
hyperprolactinaemia
erectile dysfunction
ejaculatory failure

Question 15

HSG (Hysterosalpingography) and HyCoSy (Hysterosalpingo-Contrast Sonography)

Answer 15

An X-ray procedure that uses a contrast dye to visualize the uterus and fallopian tubes

Question 16

when to perform hysteroscopy

Answer 16

in cases wherre suspected or known endometrial pathology

Question 17

when to perform pelvic ultrasound

Answer 17

when abnormality on pelvic exammination

Question 18

investigations in female for infeertility

Answer 18

end cervical swab for chlamydia and gonococci
cervical smear if due
blood for rubells immunity

Question 19

rubella syndrome/ congenital rubella

Answer 19

group of physical abnormalities that have developed in an infant as a result of maternal infection

Question 20

what is rubella characterised by

Answer 20

rash at birth
low weight
small head size
hert abnormalities
visual problems
bulging fontanelle

Question 21

antibiotic for chlamydia

Answer 21

aithromycin
if allergic to macrolide - doxy

Question 22

group 1 ovulatory disorders q

Answer 22

hypothalmic
stress, excessive excersize, anorexia etc

Question 23

group 2 ovulatory disorders

Answer 23

hypothalamic pituitary dysfunction
pcos

Question 24

group 3 ovulatory disorders

Answer 24

ovarian failure

Question 25

tubal disease

Answer 25

when fallopian tubes are blocked or damaged

Question 26

tubal disease management

Answer 26

tubal surgery radiological selective salpingography

Question 27

treatment of male infertility

Answer 27

Surgery to obstructed vas deferens (50% success following vasectomy) Intrauterine insemination in mild disease Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) Surgical sperm aspiration from epididymis or testicle combined with ICSI Donor sperm insemination