Insulin resistance Flashcards
risk factors
- Overweight
- Physically inactive
- FHx of diabetes
- Genetics
- Race (African Americans, Hispanic/Latinos)
- PCOS
- Gestational diabetes
- High blood pressure
- Low HDL
- High blood triglyceride
- Heart disease
- Smoking
gold standard test for insulin activity
hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp i
definition of insulin resistancce
The reduced ability of organs to respond to physiological insulin levels
when does insulin levels rise
post meal
how is insuline resistance caused in skeletal muscle
impairment of insulin signalling; receptor isnt responding
how is insulin caused in adipose tissue
obesity-induced inflammation as adipose tissue secretes pro-inflammatory cytokines e.g. TNF-⍺
genetic insulin resistance
Rare autosomal recessive trait which presents with severe insulin resistance, hyperglycaemia and compensatory hyperinsulinaemia; rabson medenhall syndrome
Leprechaunism (Donohue syndrome)
- Rare autosomal genetic trait involving mutations in the insulin receptor
where is insulin made
pancreas
when is insulin released
when glucose enters blood stream
what happens when to glucose you become insulin reisstant
is cannot be removed from bloodstream or stored for later use
what happens to blood levels if cells become too resistant to insuline
blood sugar levels may rise leading to hyperglycaemia
what might happen to insulin resistant people
type 2 diabetes and prediabetes
causes of insulin resistance
excess adipose tissue
genetic predisposition
sedentary lifestyle
compensation of pancreas and insulin resistance
the pancreas produces more insulin to help glucose enter cells, leading to higher levels of insulin in the blood over time
effect of insulin resistance on the heart
endothelial dysfunction contributing to arterial stiffness leading to atherosclerosis
