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.RA Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

external facial bones

A
  1. nasal bones (2)2. zygomatic bones (2)3. maxilla (2)4. mandible
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2
Q

Forms a dome over the superior portion of the nasal cavity.Located directly inferior to the glabella

A

nasal bones

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3
Q

see glossary for definition

A

angle of inclination or projection

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4
Q

orifice bonded by the margins of the nasal bones and the maxilla

A

nasal cavity

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5
Q

diamond shaped bone of the cheek

A

zygomatic bone

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6
Q

might see zygomatic bone or zygomatic arch as being measured to get the….

A

widest part of the face

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7
Q

just underneath the zygomatic arch you will find the…

A

zygomatic depression

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8
Q

lies lateral to the portion of the cheekinferior to the zygomatic arch

A

zygomatic depression

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9
Q

made up by the frontal bone and the zygomatic bone

A

zygomaticofrontal process

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10
Q

two fused bones that form skeletal base of most of the superior face, roof of the mouth, sides of the nasal cavity, and the floor of the orbit (eye socket)

A

maxilla

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11
Q

maxilla is also called the…

A

upper jaw bone

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12
Q

sharp boney projection located medially along the inferior margin of the nasal cavity

A

nasal spine

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13
Q

a slip of skin partition that covers the nasal spine and separates the medial portion of the nostrils.most inferior part of the nose

A

columna nasi

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14
Q

processes of the maxillan???? check spelling

A

Alveolar process (glossary)Frontal process of the maxilla (glossary)Palatine Process (non-glossary)Dental Prognathism (buck teeth)

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15
Q

bony ridge that contains the tooth sockets

A

alveolar process

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16
Q

ascending part of the upper jaw

A

frontal process of the maxilla

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17
Q

horse shoe shaped single bone of the mouthlower jaw

A

mandible

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18
Q

2 main parts of the mandible

A

BodyRamus

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19
Q

horizontal portion of the mandible

A

body

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20
Q

corresponding vertical portion of the mandible

A

ramus

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21
Q

parts of the body of the mandible

A

mental eminenceincisive fossaalveolar processes

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22
Q

parts of the ramus of the mandible

A

condylecoronoid processmandibular notch

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23
Q

Prominent eminence of the mandibleTriangular projection on the inferior portion of the anterior mandible

A

mental eminence

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24
Q

area between the mental eminence and the inferior incisor teeth

A

incisive fossa

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25
Q

???? glossary term

A

incisive teeth

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26
Q

rounded eminence at the articulating end of the bone

A

condyle

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27
Q

non articulating end of the bonethis is where the temporal muscle attaches

A

coronoid process

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28
Q

the depression located between the condyle and the coronoid process

A

mandibular notch

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29
Q

marks the widest part of the lower 1/3 of the face

A

angle of the mandible

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30
Q

glossary?????

A

angle of the mandible

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31
Q

widest part of the lower face

A

bi-mandibular

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32
Q

widest part of the head (cranium)

A

bi-parietal

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33
Q

widest part of the face

A

bi-zygomatic

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34
Q

Check textbook

A

page 23

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35
Q

other bones that are not surface bones….they are of less interest to (Alteri)

A

(cranium)ethmoid bonesphenoid bone(facial)vomer bonepalantine boneslacrimal bones

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36
Q

see pages 20 & 23 for

A

other bones that are not surface bones

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37
Q

muscle provides…

A

muscle bulkcontour effecttopographicalsurface form

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38
Q

continual muscle contraction leaves…

A

markings (wrinkles) on the face

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39
Q

wrinkles run ___________ to muscle fiber

A

transverse

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40
Q

wrinkles are more pronounced on ______

A

males

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41
Q

loss of muscle tone will cause__________

A

sagging of tissues

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42
Q

the care of the deceased to recreate natural form and color

A

restorative art

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43
Q

refers to the shape of a surface structure which is recognized by its outline and surface movement

A

form

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44
Q

the basic form of the nose is shaped how?

A

pyramid shape

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45
Q

the basic form of an ear is shaped how?

A

wedged

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46
Q

Form involves the following dimensions…

A

Lengthwidthprojection

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47
Q

refers to those rays of light reflected from the surface

A

color

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48
Q

highlights and shadows affect

A

appearance of color

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49
Q

one thing to do to look at highlights and shadows is to look at it in….

A

black and white

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50
Q

unless at least _________ of the facial structures remain intact, no restoration is ordinarily attempted, because it may resemble a __________. This is called the ________ rule. (mayer)

A

two-thirdswax replica2/3

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51
Q

the ________ may be violated in some cases.

A

2/3 rule

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52
Q

not all restorative art involves________

A

wax

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53
Q

types of restorative art without wax

A
  1. external cosmetics2. internally (restorative chemicals w/ ACTIVE dyes)
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54
Q

______________is good to be included with permission to embalm

A

permission to restore

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55
Q

when preparing a wound using wax it must _________

A

be firm & dry

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56
Q

wounds must be ________ because you will be placing a substance and the surrounding structure should not ______

A

firmmove

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57
Q

wounds should be ______because one component of wax is ________

A

drypetroleum (oil)

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58
Q

dismembered parts should ALWAYS be attached _________________.

A

after embalming

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59
Q

study of the structures and surface markings of the face and featuresa topography of the face

A

physiognomy

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60
Q

lack of symmetry or proportiondifferences in paired features

A

asymmetry

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61
Q

it is natural to be ________

A

asymetrical

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62
Q

the most common characteristic of each part of a feature (or face)

A

norm

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63
Q

one eye width is the same as_______

A

width of the nose

64
Q

anthropological classification (pg. 12)

A

EuropeanAsiaticAfrican

65
Q

See pages 589-605 MUST READ Embalming: history, theory, & practice

A

read it!

66
Q

first people to practice any type of RA

A

egyptians

67
Q

practice of reading facesPlato & Aristotle all wrote about the subject of facial meanings

A

Chinese & mediterranean

68
Q

practice of reading faces originated in______

A

China

69
Q

This era took low priority; little effort to restore

A

middle ages to early 19th century

70
Q

restoration began at the end of ___________

A

the Civil War (civil war era)

71
Q

done on their own initiativeno textbooksno instruction, cosmetics or instrumentstrial & error

A

Those that are considered pioneers in RA

72
Q

early attempts and problems with RA

A

Plastic surgery (skin transplant)Plaster of paris Clay & puttySoapWaxes

73
Q

problems with skin transplant

A

skin dehydrated discoloration

74
Q

problems with plaster of paris

A

draws moisture from surrounding tissues

75
Q

problems with clay & putty

A

too dark & oilydifficult to hide w/cosmetics

76
Q

finally manufactures produced a practical substance to perform RA.influence of mortuary science schools in 1920’s

A

Waxes

77
Q

body erect with arms at the sides and palms forward

A

anatomical position

78
Q

front (before)

A

anterior

79
Q

toward back

A

posterior

80
Q

top

A

superior

81
Q

beneath (lower)

A

inferior

82
Q

toward midline

A

medial line

83
Q

toward sides (away from median line)

A

lateral

84
Q

body planes are located on page

A

14

85
Q

horizontal plane also called

A

transverse plane

86
Q

frontal plane also called

A

coronal plane

87
Q

median (medial) plane also calleddivides into right and left

A

sagittal plane

88
Q

state of being deep

A

depth

89
Q

know terminology of…..

A

deepsuperficialmiddle of the body

90
Q

hollow or shallow area

A

depression

91
Q

area that sticks outState or condition of being thrust forward or projecting

A

protrusion

92
Q

hollow depressed area

A

concave

93
Q

outer segment of a circle

A

convex

94
Q

line which is neither horizontal or verticalSlope; deviation from the horizontal or vertical; oblique

A

inclination

95
Q

relating to, or having two sides

A

bilateral

96
Q

dissimilarities noted when looking at two sides

A

bilateral differences

97
Q

bilateral view of a person’s silhouette

A

bilateral silhouette

98
Q

a view of a person from the front

A

frontal aspect

99
Q

a view of a person from the side

A

profile

100
Q

a view of a person that is slightly turned

A

3 quarter view

101
Q

additional terminology needed

A

frontal (anterior view)margins (boundaries or edges)oblique (slanting; neither horizontal nor perpendicular)pyramidrecession (recessed; withdraw from normal position)sunken (commonly the eyes)vertex (crown or topmost part)

102
Q

requires a long period of time, is extensive, or requires technical skill

A

major restoration

103
Q

types of major restorations

A

full head of hairdeep wound preparation and care of deep lacerationsrepair or reconstruction of multiple fracturesbuck-teeth (dental prognathism)3rd degree burns

104
Q

The funeral home can charge the family for RA if_____________

A

it is on the general price list/contract

105
Q

Charging the family for RA is ____________.

A

up to the funeral home…not required

106
Q

When discussing RA with a family be aware of___________

A

promises/time lines

107
Q

Always make sure that the family has __________

A

clarity

108
Q

requires a minimum of effort, skill or time to complete

A

minor restoration

109
Q

types of minor restorations

A

tissue building (filler)waxing (lips, razor burn, sutures, etc.)bleaching/concealing discolorationsremoval of fever blistersminor hair replacement (parts of eyebrow, eyelash, etc.)reducing swelling (non-surgical)

110
Q

distinguishing characteristics not to be altered or concealed normally….

A

moleswartsscarsbirthmarks

111
Q

note….

A

READ AND STUDY TERMS IN CHAPTERS 1 & 2

112
Q

Bones of the head are divided into….

A

bones of the craniumbones of the face

113
Q

geometric form of the “normal skull”

A

oval

114
Q

the geometric from of the skull is determined from what views?

A

frontal &above

115
Q

form varies from______________

A

person to person

116
Q

why does form vary?

A

because of differences in width & length

117
Q

note….

A

see page 12 for skull comparison of male, female, and infant

118
Q

it is important to note the differences in

A

bone thicknesssize of bonesprominence of eminence

119
Q

note…

A

look up info on ……prominence of eminence

120
Q

note…

A

look into….infant skull development

121
Q

effects of tooth loss and

A

aging

122
Q

bones of the external cranium

A

frontal (1)occipital (1)parietal (2)temporal (2)

123
Q

which bones are paired bones of the cranium

A

parietaltemporal

124
Q

anterior third of the cranium

A

frontal bone

125
Q

surfaces of the frontal bone

A
  1. vertical surface (forehead)2. horizontal surface (crown)
126
Q

eminences of the frontal bone

A
  1. frontal eminence (2)2. supraorbital margin (2)3. superciliary arch (2) “eyebrow”4. glabella
127
Q

note…

A

look up eminence and projection in glossary

128
Q

Rounded prominences on either side of the median line of the frontal bone. May be indistinct at times (unrecognizable) or continuous.

A

frontal eminence

129
Q

superior rim of the eye sockets (2)

A

supraorbital margin

130
Q

the supraorbital margin lies _________ regarding the superciliary arch.

A

inferior

131
Q

on some individuals the supraorbital margin will be _________

A

prominent ex: Tommy Lee Jones

132
Q

lies in the inferior part of the forehead just superior the medial ends of the eyebrows (the thicker part of an arched eyebrow)

A

superciliary arch

133
Q

superciliary arch is normally more prominent in people with ___________

A

receding foreheads

134
Q

Located between the superciliary arch. Located in the inferior part of the frontal bone. Considered to be at the root of the nose. (where a uni-brow grows)

A

glabella

135
Q

when the glabella is very prominent it will make the root of the nose look very _______________

A

deep

136
Q

the lowest part of the back and the base of the cranium. Forms a cradle for the brain.

A

occipital bone

137
Q

distinctive features of the occipital bone

A

occipital protuberanceforamen magnum

138
Q

located at the center of the external surface of the occipital bone

A

occipital protuberance

139
Q

opening in the occipital bone, the spinal cord passes thru it

A

foramen magnum

140
Q

note….

A

pages 128-129 discusses decapitation

141
Q

superior portion of the sides and the posterior 2/3 of the cranium

A

parietal bones

142
Q

parietal eminences

A

convexity of the parietal bone

143
Q

a measurement of one parietal eminence to another gives you the ______________________.

A

widest part of the cranium

144
Q

where are the parietal eminences located?

A

above posterior border of the ears.

145
Q

inferior portion of the sides and the base of the cranium

A

temporal bone

146
Q

concave surface of the head overlying the temporal bone.

A

temporal cavity

147
Q

vertical portion of the temporal bone and is fairly thin (almost translucent) Scale like

A

squama

148
Q

characteristics of the squama

A

thinalmost translucentscale like

149
Q

there are _______ anatomical structures of the temporal bone. Used for locating the modeled ear.

A

4

150
Q

What are the anatomical structures of the temporal bones used to locate the modeled ear?

A
  1. external auditory meatus2. zygomatic arch3. mandibular fossa4. mastoid process
151
Q

ear passagesee glossary

A

external auditory meatus

152
Q

extension of the zygomatic bonedivides the length of the ear in halfsee glossary

A

zygomatic arch

153
Q

measurement of one zygomatic arch to the other gives you the…..

A

widest part of the face

154
Q

where the condyle of the mandible articulatesis anterior to the external auditor meatus

A

mandibular fossa

155
Q

rounded portion most inferior portion of the temporal boneis posterior to the lobe of the ear (fatty inferior one third portion of the ear)sternoclydomastoid muscle attaches here

A

mastoid process

Board Science Cards (28 decks)

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