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Anatomy. Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what are the 3 types of muscle tissue

A
  1. cardiac muscle2. visceral muscle3. skeletal muscle
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2
Q

what are the 3 distinct parts in the skeletal muscle

A
  1. the body or belly2. origin3. insertion
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3
Q

There are approximately _____ skeletal muscles in the body

A

500

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4
Q

The total mass of skeletal muscle tissue accounts for about ____% of the body weight

A

45

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5
Q

points of attachment

A

muscles may be named according to their point of origin and insertion

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6
Q

what are the only two muscles that are described by their points of attachment

A

sternocleidomastoidoccipitofrontalis

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7
Q

number of divisions

A

muscles may have prominent divisions in which fibers may be grouped into bundles that run in slightly different directions and have different points of attachment “-ceps” latin meaning “headed”

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8
Q

What are the 4 muscles of mastication (chewing & swallowing)

A
  1. masseter2. temporalis3. lateral (external) pterygoid4. medial (internal) pterygoid
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9
Q

what are the 3 muscles of the neck

A

platysmaomohyoidsternocleidomastoid

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10
Q

muscles of the abdomen

A

That portion of the trunk or torso below the diaphragm.

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11
Q

What are the 3 openings in the diaphragm

A
  1. esophageal orifice2. aortic orifice3. inferior vena caval orifice
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12
Q

study of muscles

A

myology

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13
Q

are made for movement of and within the body

A

muscles

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14
Q

found in the viscera (organs) of the body, single nucleus, involuntary control

A

Visceral/ Smooth muscle

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15
Q

this muscle is indirectly attached to the bone or skeleton, distinct striated, multinucleate, voluntary control

A

Skeletal muscle

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16
Q

the bulky, fleshy part of the muscle which shortens and thickens during contraction

A

Body or Belly

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17
Q

the relatively fixed point of attachment of the muscle

A

Origin

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18
Q

the relatively movable point of attachment of the muscle

A

Insertion

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19
Q

a broad, flat tendon

A

aponeurosis

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20
Q

muscle attachment to bone is made indirectly, with a connective tissue structure

A

Tendon

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21
Q

muscles may be named for the particular type of action they produce upon contraction

A

Action

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22
Q

a flexor muscle decreases the angle between 2 body parts

A

Flexion

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23
Q

an extensor muscle increases the angle between 2 body parts

A

Extension

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24
Q

an abductor pulls a body part away from the median plane

A

Abduction

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25
Q

a supinator turns the palm of the hand anteriorly (back into anatomical position)

A

Supination

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26
Q

a pronator muscle turns the palm of the hand posteriorly (out of anatomical position)

A

Pronation

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27
Q

a supinator turns the palm of the hand anteriorly (back into anatomical position)

A

Supination

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28
Q

eversion implies a turning outward or inside out

A

Eversion

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29
Q

inversion means to draw inward or outside in. (the feet are initially positioned in an inverted position)

A

inversion

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30
Q

a constrictor muscle such as a sphincter muscle, narrows or binds a vessel, opening, or passageway

A

Constriction

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31
Q

dilator expands an organ, vessel, or orifice

A

dilation

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32
Q

elevator muscle raise a particular body part or organ

A

elevation

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33
Q

depressor be it of the tongue or otherwise, lowers a part

A

depression

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34
Q

this muscle action has no antagonistic muscle action, but rather refers to the turning of a bone about its long axis, as when you shake your head no

A

rotation

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35
Q

movement such that the distal end of a bone describes a circle, and the shaft describes a cone. Look for this movement by a 3rd base coach in baseball, as he waves in a runner from 2nd base to try and score a run

A

circumduction

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36
Q

circular shaped, and will constrict

A

Sphincter muscle

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37
Q

names may be applied which approximately describe the shape of a muscle

A

Shape

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38
Q

triangular shaped muscle which gives roundness and fullness to the shoulder. Its function is to abduct the arm.

A

Deltoid

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39
Q

4 sided

A

quadratus

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40
Q

trapezoid

A

trapezius

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41
Q

sphincter muscles- circular-shaped

A

orbicularis

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42
Q

flat

A

platysma

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43
Q

large

A

vastus

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44
Q

straight

A

rectus

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45
Q

muscles may be named according to their point of origin and insertion

A

points of attachment

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46
Q

the space between the ribs

A

intercostal

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47
Q

facial cheeks

A

buccinator

48
Q

circular-shaped muscle of the mouth

A

orbicularis oris

49
Q

circular-shaped muscle of the eye

A

orbicularis oculi

50
Q

the muscles of facial expression lie superficially in relationship to the muscles of mastication, which lie deep

A

superficial vs. deep

51
Q

muscles of the arm

A

brachii

52
Q

muscles of the thigh

A

femoris

53
Q

the fibers of this muscle found in the ventral abdominal wall form a “V” outside layer, used to rotate the spine

A

external oblique

54
Q

the fibers of this muscle, located just beneath the external oblique, form an inverted “V” (a teepee: ^) middle layer, used to rotate the spine

A

internal oblique

55
Q

innermost of the muscles of the ventral abdominal wall, its fibers go transversely (horizontally) = bottom layer, used to rotate the spine

A

transversus abdominus

56
Q

many time, the second part of the name of a muscle tells you something about its size

A

Size

57
Q

large

A

Major, Maximum, Magnus

58
Q

small

A

Minor, Minimus, Brevis

59
Q

medium

A

Medius

60
Q

Long

A

Longus

61
Q

calf muscle- large in terms of size

A

gastrocnemius

62
Q

cause goosebumps; small in terms of size

A

arrector pili muscles

63
Q

Muscles of the head which draws the scalp backwards, elevates the eyebrow, and wrinkles the forehead. This muscle is named for the points of attachment.

A

Occipitofrontalis

64
Q

Broad flat tendon which joins the Frontalis

A

galea aponeurotica

65
Q

Chewers muscle - Used to close the mouth and clench the teethUsed during the Civil War as an non expert method of mouth closure. Hyperodermic inject

A

masseter

66
Q

A fan shaped muscle located on squamous portion of the temporal bone on the side of the head. The purpose is also to close the mandibule/ mouth and protrude the mandibule.

A

temporalis

67
Q

To open and move the mandible side to side. (Strap like)

A

lateral (external) pterygoid

68
Q

To open and move the mandible side to side (strap like)

A

medial (internal) pterygoid

69
Q

(Named by shape} A thin and flat muscle of the neck. Its purpose - to depress (mandibule) the lower jaw and wrinkle the skin of the neck. (tensing)

A

platysma

70
Q

Purpose: To depress & lower/ retract the hyoid Located between the shoulder to the hyoid bone.

A

omohyoid

71
Q

Purpose - to rotate and extend the head in the movement NO This is the lateral boundary of the Anterior Cervical Triangle. The anatomical guide to raise the common carotid artery and the internal juggler vain. The artery and vain lies medial to the muscle.

A

sternocleidomastoid

72
Q

(shape) a four sided or diamond shaped muscle of the upper back. Used to elevate or shrug the shoulders.

A

trapezius

73
Q

a flat muscle of the lower back. It adducts, extends, and medially rotates the arm. Adduct - to bring a body part toward the median plane.

A

latissimus dorsi

74
Q

chest - that part of the trunk or torso above the diaphragm.

A

major chest muscles

75
Q

named by location and size. A large fleshy muscle of the trunk or torso (upper chest) used to flex and adduct the arm. Draw upper extremities together

A

pectoralis major

76
Q

spaces located between the ribs. (on the outside) front - breast bone and plate and ribs. Function is to draw the ribs together

A

external intercostals

77
Q

spaces located between the ribs. (on the inside) back. Function is to draw the ribs together.

A

internal intercostals

78
Q

That portion of the trunk or torso below the diaphragm.

A

muscles of the abdomen

79
Q

front of the abdomen (anterior) and further from the midline (lateral) front side of the abdomen listed outer most to innermost.

A

anterolateral wall

80
Q

toward the front and closer to the midline.

A

anteromedial wall

81
Q

straight muscle of the arterial medial muscle of the abdominal wall. Used to perform sit ups.

A

rectus abdominus

82
Q

Only seen and used in autopsy cases used as the anatomical guide to raise the external iliac arteries. Those arteries will always lie medial to the midline to this.

A

psoas major (iliopsoas)

83
Q

function - This is the major muscle of inhalation or breathing. openings - Three natural openings in the diaphragm.

A

diaphragm (phrenic muscle)

84
Q

The opening in the diaphragm through which the esophagus will pass.

A

esophageal orifice

85
Q

The opening in the diaphragm that the aorta will pass. The aorta is the largest artery in the body - carotid artery.

A

aortic orifice

86
Q

opening through which the inferior vena cava (IVC) passes. The largest vain in the body.

A

inferior vena caval orifice

87
Q

A large muscle of the shoulder used to adduct and medially rotate the arm. The tendon of the teres major muscle is used as the anatomical limit to seperate the axillary and brachial arteries.

A

teres major

88
Q

Named for number of division. A two (2) headed muscle located in the arm region between the shoulder and elbow. This muscle is used as the anatomical guide to raise the brachial artery.

A

biceps branchii

89
Q

The anatomical guide to raise the axillary artery in the arm pit.

A

coracobrachialis

90
Q

Anterior muscle of the arm to extend the arm and forearm. A three (3) headed muscle of the arm region. forearm muscles (between elbow and wrist)

A

brachialis

91
Q

The purpose of these three (3) muscles are to flex and pronate the hand.

A

ventral aspect

92
Q

Most medial ventral muscle of forearm. The tendon is the anatomical guide to raise the ulna artery. The ulna artery lies just lateral to the tendon of flexor carpi ulnaris muscle.

A

flexor carpi ulnaris

93
Q

The tendon of this muscle stands out the most when you make your hand arthritic looking. The ulna artery will lie just medial to the tendon of the flexor digitorum superficialis muscle.

A

flexor digitorum superficialis

94
Q

the most lateral ventral muscle of the forearm. The radial artery lies just lateral to the tendon of the flexor carpi radialis muscle at the level of the wrist

A

flexor carpi radialis

95
Q

Classified as the only superficial dorsal muscle of the forearm. The deep dorsal muscles of the forearm have the common action to extend and supinate the hand. (called the popeyes muscle)

A

superficial: brachioradialis

96
Q

simply remember that as a group, they aid in extension and supination of the hand.

A

deep: brachioradialis

97
Q

The largest and most superficial of the muscles of the gluteus region. The purpose is to abduct and extend the thigh. injections

A

gluteus maximus

98
Q

Anterior muscles of the thigh all located in front of the thigh bone.

A

anterior femoral muscles

99
Q

longest muscle in the human body. An anterior muscle of the thigh used to cross the legs. The tailor’s muscle. Lateral boundary of the femoral triangle.

A

sartorius

100
Q

A four (4) headed muscle of the thigh region. Used to extend the leg as in kicking a football. The petela (knee) is imbedded in the tendon of this muscle

A

quadriceps femoris

101
Q

most anterior head of the quadriceps femoris muscle (closest to the front) rectus - a straight muscle in the thigh region. superficial

A

rectus femoris

102
Q

Large muscle - most lateral head of the quadriceps femoris muscle.

A

vastus lateralis

103
Q

The most medial head of the quadriceps femoris muscle.

A

vastus medialis

104
Q

The large head quadriceps femoris muscle in-between the vastus lateralis and vastus medialis muscles.

A

vastus intermedius

105
Q

medial of the thigh.

A

medial femoral muscles

106
Q

The longest medial muscle of the thigh. serves as the medial boundary of the femoral triangle. Purpose is to adduct the thigh

A

adductor longus

107
Q

Largest medial muscle of the thigh,The opening in the adductor magnus muscle is to serve as the anatomical limit between the femoral and popliteal blood vessels.

A

adductor magnus

108
Q

A short muscle of the thigh.

A

adductor brevis

109
Q

Located on the back of the thigh. The hamstring group. With knees flexed, you can distinctly make out two (2) tendons that form the boundary of the popliteal space.

A

posterior femoral muscles (hamstring group)

110
Q

A two (2) headed muscle of the thigh region. The most lateral posterial muscle of the thigh. Purpose is to flex the leg

A

biceps femoris

111
Q

The tendon on this muscle stands out the most when the knee is tensed.

A

semitendinosus

112
Q

The most medial posterior muscle of the thigh.

A

semimembranosus

113
Q

Muscle located on front of the shin bone or tibia. (dorsiflection) - when you walk on the balls of your feet or heals.

A

tibialis anterior

114
Q

posterior muscles Calf - the largest. The large fleshy muscle called the calf muscle Also called the toe dancers muscle. planterflection - to walk tip toe.

A

gastrocnemius

115
Q

A posterior muscle of the leg. Planterflection- to walk tip toe

A

soleus

116
Q

the calcaneal tendon or achilles tendon

A

The gastrocnemius and soleus muscles are united together by a common tendon called ________ that attaches them to your heal bone.

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