Anatomy. Flashcards
what are the 3 types of muscle tissue
- cardiac muscle2. visceral muscle3. skeletal muscle
what are the 3 distinct parts in the skeletal muscle
- the body or belly2. origin3. insertion
There are approximately _____ skeletal muscles in the body
500
The total mass of skeletal muscle tissue accounts for about ____% of the body weight
45
points of attachment
muscles may be named according to their point of origin and insertion
what are the only two muscles that are described by their points of attachment
sternocleidomastoidoccipitofrontalis
number of divisions
muscles may have prominent divisions in which fibers may be grouped into bundles that run in slightly different directions and have different points of attachment “-ceps” latin meaning “headed”
What are the 4 muscles of mastication (chewing & swallowing)
- masseter2. temporalis3. lateral (external) pterygoid4. medial (internal) pterygoid
what are the 3 muscles of the neck
platysmaomohyoidsternocleidomastoid
muscles of the abdomen
That portion of the trunk or torso below the diaphragm.
What are the 3 openings in the diaphragm
- esophageal orifice2. aortic orifice3. inferior vena caval orifice
study of muscles
myology
are made for movement of and within the body
muscles
found in the viscera (organs) of the body, single nucleus, involuntary control
Visceral/ Smooth muscle
this muscle is indirectly attached to the bone or skeleton, distinct striated, multinucleate, voluntary control
Skeletal muscle
the bulky, fleshy part of the muscle which shortens and thickens during contraction
Body or Belly
the relatively fixed point of attachment of the muscle
Origin
the relatively movable point of attachment of the muscle
Insertion
a broad, flat tendon
aponeurosis
muscle attachment to bone is made indirectly, with a connective tissue structure
Tendon
muscles may be named for the particular type of action they produce upon contraction
Action
a flexor muscle decreases the angle between 2 body parts
Flexion
an extensor muscle increases the angle between 2 body parts
Extension
an abductor pulls a body part away from the median plane
Abduction
a supinator turns the palm of the hand anteriorly (back into anatomical position)
Supination
a pronator muscle turns the palm of the hand posteriorly (out of anatomical position)
Pronation
a supinator turns the palm of the hand anteriorly (back into anatomical position)
Supination
eversion implies a turning outward or inside out
Eversion
inversion means to draw inward or outside in. (the feet are initially positioned in an inverted position)
inversion
a constrictor muscle such as a sphincter muscle, narrows or binds a vessel, opening, or passageway
Constriction
dilator expands an organ, vessel, or orifice
dilation
elevator muscle raise a particular body part or organ
elevation
depressor be it of the tongue or otherwise, lowers a part
depression
this muscle action has no antagonistic muscle action, but rather refers to the turning of a bone about its long axis, as when you shake your head no
rotation
movement such that the distal end of a bone describes a circle, and the shaft describes a cone. Look for this movement by a 3rd base coach in baseball, as he waves in a runner from 2nd base to try and score a run
circumduction
circular shaped, and will constrict
Sphincter muscle
names may be applied which approximately describe the shape of a muscle
Shape
triangular shaped muscle which gives roundness and fullness to the shoulder. Its function is to abduct the arm.
Deltoid
4 sided
quadratus
trapezoid
trapezius
sphincter muscles- circular-shaped
orbicularis
flat
platysma
large
vastus
straight
rectus
muscles may be named according to their point of origin and insertion
points of attachment
the space between the ribs
intercostal
facial cheeks
buccinator
circular-shaped muscle of the mouth
orbicularis oris
circular-shaped muscle of the eye
orbicularis oculi
the muscles of facial expression lie superficially in relationship to the muscles of mastication, which lie deep
superficial vs. deep
muscles of the arm
brachii
muscles of the thigh
femoris
the fibers of this muscle found in the ventral abdominal wall form a “V” outside layer, used to rotate the spine
external oblique
the fibers of this muscle, located just beneath the external oblique, form an inverted “V” (a teepee: ^) middle layer, used to rotate the spine
internal oblique
innermost of the muscles of the ventral abdominal wall, its fibers go transversely (horizontally) = bottom layer, used to rotate the spine
transversus abdominus
many time, the second part of the name of a muscle tells you something about its size
Size
large
Major, Maximum, Magnus
small
Minor, Minimus, Brevis
medium
Medius
Long
Longus
calf muscle- large in terms of size
gastrocnemius
cause goosebumps; small in terms of size
arrector pili muscles
Muscles of the head which draws the scalp backwards, elevates the eyebrow, and wrinkles the forehead. This muscle is named for the points of attachment.
Occipitofrontalis
Broad flat tendon which joins the Frontalis
galea aponeurotica
Chewers muscle - Used to close the mouth and clench the teethUsed during the Civil War as an non expert method of mouth closure. Hyperodermic inject
masseter
A fan shaped muscle located on squamous portion of the temporal bone on the side of the head. The purpose is also to close the mandibule/ mouth and protrude the mandibule.
temporalis
To open and move the mandible side to side. (Strap like)
lateral (external) pterygoid
To open and move the mandible side to side (strap like)
medial (internal) pterygoid
(Named by shape} A thin and flat muscle of the neck. Its purpose - to depress (mandibule) the lower jaw and wrinkle the skin of the neck. (tensing)
platysma
Purpose: To depress & lower/ retract the hyoid Located between the shoulder to the hyoid bone.
omohyoid
Purpose - to rotate and extend the head in the movement NO This is the lateral boundary of the Anterior Cervical Triangle. The anatomical guide to raise the common carotid artery and the internal juggler vain. The artery and vain lies medial to the muscle.
sternocleidomastoid
(shape) a four sided or diamond shaped muscle of the upper back. Used to elevate or shrug the shoulders.
trapezius
a flat muscle of the lower back. It adducts, extends, and medially rotates the arm. Adduct - to bring a body part toward the median plane.
latissimus dorsi
chest - that part of the trunk or torso above the diaphragm.
major chest muscles
named by location and size. A large fleshy muscle of the trunk or torso (upper chest) used to flex and adduct the arm. Draw upper extremities together
pectoralis major
spaces located between the ribs. (on the outside) front - breast bone and plate and ribs. Function is to draw the ribs together
external intercostals
spaces located between the ribs. (on the inside) back. Function is to draw the ribs together.
internal intercostals
That portion of the trunk or torso below the diaphragm.
muscles of the abdomen
front of the abdomen (anterior) and further from the midline (lateral) front side of the abdomen listed outer most to innermost.
anterolateral wall
toward the front and closer to the midline.
anteromedial wall
straight muscle of the arterial medial muscle of the abdominal wall. Used to perform sit ups.
rectus abdominus
Only seen and used in autopsy cases used as the anatomical guide to raise the external iliac arteries. Those arteries will always lie medial to the midline to this.
psoas major (iliopsoas)
function - This is the major muscle of inhalation or breathing. openings - Three natural openings in the diaphragm.
diaphragm (phrenic muscle)
The opening in the diaphragm through which the esophagus will pass.
esophageal orifice
The opening in the diaphragm that the aorta will pass. The aorta is the largest artery in the body - carotid artery.
aortic orifice
opening through which the inferior vena cava (IVC) passes. The largest vain in the body.
inferior vena caval orifice
A large muscle of the shoulder used to adduct and medially rotate the arm. The tendon of the teres major muscle is used as the anatomical limit to seperate the axillary and brachial arteries.
teres major
Named for number of division. A two (2) headed muscle located in the arm region between the shoulder and elbow. This muscle is used as the anatomical guide to raise the brachial artery.
biceps branchii
The anatomical guide to raise the axillary artery in the arm pit.
coracobrachialis
Anterior muscle of the arm to extend the arm and forearm. A three (3) headed muscle of the arm region. forearm muscles (between elbow and wrist)
brachialis
The purpose of these three (3) muscles are to flex and pronate the hand.
ventral aspect
Most medial ventral muscle of forearm. The tendon is the anatomical guide to raise the ulna artery. The ulna artery lies just lateral to the tendon of flexor carpi ulnaris muscle.
flexor carpi ulnaris
The tendon of this muscle stands out the most when you make your hand arthritic looking. The ulna artery will lie just medial to the tendon of the flexor digitorum superficialis muscle.
flexor digitorum superficialis
the most lateral ventral muscle of the forearm. The radial artery lies just lateral to the tendon of the flexor carpi radialis muscle at the level of the wrist
flexor carpi radialis
Classified as the only superficial dorsal muscle of the forearm. The deep dorsal muscles of the forearm have the common action to extend and supinate the hand. (called the popeyes muscle)
superficial: brachioradialis
simply remember that as a group, they aid in extension and supination of the hand.
deep: brachioradialis
The largest and most superficial of the muscles of the gluteus region. The purpose is to abduct and extend the thigh. injections
gluteus maximus
Anterior muscles of the thigh all located in front of the thigh bone.
anterior femoral muscles
longest muscle in the human body. An anterior muscle of the thigh used to cross the legs. The tailor’s muscle. Lateral boundary of the femoral triangle.
sartorius
A four (4) headed muscle of the thigh region. Used to extend the leg as in kicking a football. The petela (knee) is imbedded in the tendon of this muscle
quadriceps femoris
most anterior head of the quadriceps femoris muscle (closest to the front) rectus - a straight muscle in the thigh region. superficial
rectus femoris
Large muscle - most lateral head of the quadriceps femoris muscle.
vastus lateralis
The most medial head of the quadriceps femoris muscle.
vastus medialis
The large head quadriceps femoris muscle in-between the vastus lateralis and vastus medialis muscles.
vastus intermedius
medial of the thigh.
medial femoral muscles
The longest medial muscle of the thigh. serves as the medial boundary of the femoral triangle. Purpose is to adduct the thigh
adductor longus
Largest medial muscle of the thigh,The opening in the adductor magnus muscle is to serve as the anatomical limit between the femoral and popliteal blood vessels.
adductor magnus
A short muscle of the thigh.
adductor brevis
Located on the back of the thigh. The hamstring group. With knees flexed, you can distinctly make out two (2) tendons that form the boundary of the popliteal space.
posterior femoral muscles (hamstring group)
A two (2) headed muscle of the thigh region. The most lateral posterial muscle of the thigh. Purpose is to flex the leg
biceps femoris
The tendon on this muscle stands out the most when the knee is tensed.
semitendinosus
The most medial posterior muscle of the thigh.
semimembranosus
Muscle located on front of the shin bone or tibia. (dorsiflection) - when you walk on the balls of your feet or heals.
tibialis anterior
posterior muscles Calf - the largest. The large fleshy muscle called the calf muscle Also called the toe dancers muscle. planterflection - to walk tip toe.
gastrocnemius
A posterior muscle of the leg. Planterflection- to walk tip toe
soleus
the calcaneal tendon or achilles tendon
The gastrocnemius and soleus muscles are united together by a common tendon called ________ that attaches them to your heal bone.
