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Chemistry Test 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

The branch of natural science that is concerned with the description and classification of matter, the changes that matter undergoes, and the energy associated with those changes.

A

chemistry

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2
Q

anything which occupies space and possesses mass.

A

matter

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3
Q

all matter possesses_____

A

mass

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4
Q

only matter on earth possesses ____________

A

weight

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5
Q

matter on earth possesses weight because of….

A

gravity

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6
Q

5 divisions of chemistry

A
  1. inorganic
  2. organic
  3. biochemistry
  4. embalming chemistry
  5. thanatochemistry
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7
Q

study of physical and chemical changes in the body that are caused by death. (The chemistry of death)

A

thanatochemistry

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8
Q

study of types of matter and changes in matter in relationship to the temporary preservation and disinfecting of remains.

The study of chemical post-mortem changes, the composition of embalming fluids, and the interactions between them.

A

embalming chemistry

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9
Q

the chemistry of living organisms or compounds produced by living organisms.

That branch of chemistry dealing with compounds produced by living organisms.

A

biochemistry

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10
Q

study of matter which does not contain carbon.

That branch of chemistry that studies the properties and reactions of elements, excluding carbon. The absence or lack of carbon.

A

inorganic

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11
Q

study of compounds which contain the element carbon. The capital letter C represents the single element of carbon.

The branch of chemistry that deals with carbon-containing compounds, carbon based compounds.

A

organic

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12
Q

4 types of chemical measurements

A
  1. meter
  2. liter
  3. kilogram
  4. heat
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13
Q

chemical measurements are usually in_______

A

metric system

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14
Q

meter is the standard metric unit for____________

A

length

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15
Q

liter is the standard unit of ____________

A

volume

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16
Q

calorie stands for ______

A

heat

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17
Q

the amount of heat necessary to raise the temperature of one gram of water 1 degree Celsius at 15 degrees Celsius

A

Standard temperature & pressure (STP)

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18
Q

Scales to measure temperature…

A
  1. Fahrenheit
  2. Celsius
  3. Kelvin
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19
Q

F stands for

A

Fahrenheit

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20
Q

C stands for

A

Celsius

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21
Q

Celsius can also be called….

A

centigrade

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22
Q

no negative temps can exist on what scale?

A

Kelvin

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23
Q

known freezing point of water on each scale…

A

F- 32 degrees
C- 0 degrees
K- 273k

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24
Q

known boiling point of water on each scale…

A

F- 212 degrees
C- 100 degrees
K- 373k

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25
Q

characteristics by which substances may be identified.

A

properties

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26
Q

properties of a substance that you can see or observe WITHOUT A CHANGE in chemical composition

A

physical properties

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27
Q
  1. physical properties of matter
A
  1. State
  2. Solubility
  3. Density
  4. Specific gravity
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28
Q

state of matter

A

Solid
Liquid
Gas

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29
Q

the measure of how well two substances mix.

A

solubility

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30
Q

generally if something is soluble it will __________________-

A

dissolve in water

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31
Q

the ratio of the mass of a substance to its volume.

A

density

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32
Q

matter divided by volume equals…

A

density

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33
Q

a ratio of densities with water as a standard

A

specific gravity

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34
Q

the density of blood is slightly more than…

A

water

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35
Q

A characteristic that can be seen or observed when a substance is interacting with other substances resulting in a change in chemical composition.

A

chemical properties

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36
Q

chemical properties of matter

A
  1. combustibility

2. reactivity

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37
Q

can cause a change in chemical composition

A

combustibility

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38
Q

physical changes in matters

A
  1. changes in state

2. solvation

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39
Q

solid to liquid

A

changes in state of matter

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40
Q

solid to a dissolved state (dissolving)

A

solvation

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41
Q

A change in the form or the state of matter without any change in chemical composition.

A

Physical changes

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42
Q

Changes in which a new substance or substances are formed because the chemical composition has changed.

A

Chemical changes

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43
Q

chemical changes of matter

A
  1. cremation of remains
  2. decomposition of remains
  3. embalming of remains
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44
Q

physical states of matter

A
  1. gases
  2. liquids
  3. solids
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45
Q

properties of gases

A
  1. liquefaction
  2. condensation
  3. vaporization
  4. diffusion
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46
Q

The state of matter in which the atoms or molecules move about in almost complete freedom from one other.

A

gases

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47
Q

gases have no definite______________

A

shape or volume

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48
Q

gases will assume the _______ & ____________ of the container in which they are located.

A

shape

volume

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49
Q

not all gases can be ______________________-

A

seen or smelled

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50
Q

the conversion of a solid or gas into a liquid.

A

Liquefaction

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51
Q

a change in a state of matter from a gas to a liquid.

A

Condensation

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52
Q

the physical change from a liquid into a gas.

A

Vaporization

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53
Q

the movement of particles in solution from an area of higher concentration to lesser concentration until equal or uniform concentration is achieved.

A

Diffusion

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54
Q

Substances that flow readily, but tend to not expand indefinitely.

A

liquids

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55
Q

thickness – measure of the resistance to flow of a liquid.

A

Viscosity

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56
Q

the force that acts on the surface of a liquid and tends to minimize surface area.

A

Surface tension

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57
Q

movement of a liquid from a higher concentration to a lower concentration.

A

Diffusion

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58
Q

the conversion of a liquid or gas into a solid form (water to an ice cube)

A

Solidification

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59
Q

the process by which a substance is given definite form. (between water and ice cube) Goes from outside-in

A

Crystallization

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60
Q

conversion of a liquid to a solid

A

Freezing

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61
Q

rapid passage of liquid particles to the vapor or gaseous state by forming bubbles through the action of heat.

A

Boiling

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62
Q

properties of liquids

A
  1. viscosity
  2. surface tension
  3. diffusion
  4. solidification
  5. crystallization
  6. freezing
  7. boiling
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63
Q

properties of solids

A
  1. melting

2. sublimation

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64
Q

The condensed state of matter that has a definite shape and definite volume.

A

solids

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65
Q

types of matter based on COMPOSITION

A
  1. elements
  2. compounds
  3. mixture
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66
Q

Simple substances which cannot be further broken down by ordinary chemical means.

A

elements

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67
Q

property of elements

A
  1. atom
  2. ion
  3. name & symbol
  4. types
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68
Q

the simplest part or particle of any element that still retains properties of the element. Very small

A

atom

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69
Q

an atom of any element that has a single positive or negative charge.

A

ion

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70
Q

ion is also called…

A

monatomic ion

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71
Q

abbreviation of an element

A

symbol

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72
Q

a symbol will ALWAYS begin with…____________ and have a max of ___ letters

A

a capital letter

3

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73
Q

only the FIRST letter for ANY element will be——

A

capitalized

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74
Q

large letter by itself represents ONE atom

A

symbol

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75
Q

small number written to the right and below the symbol.

Represents the total number of atoms of an element

A

subscript

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76
Q

number to the right and above the symbol of the element to represent that this element has a charge.

A

superscript

77
Q

with a superscript there will ALWAYS be a ___ or a ____ in front of it.

A

plus

minus

78
Q

every element is electrically _________

A

neutral

79
Q

the reactivity for all elements of the periodic table is determined by the number of _____________ charged particles they have floating around in their ________________

A

negatively

outer shell

80
Q

the outer shell of an element is the…..

A

valence shell

81
Q

types of elements

A
  1. metal

2. non-metal

82
Q

there are more metallic or metal elements than….

A

non-metals

83
Q

all metals are solid except…..

A

mercury

84
Q

mercury is a ____________

A

liquid

85
Q

metals are shinny, lustrous, conduct electricity and heat…it is ____________ or _________

A

malleable

ductile

86
Q

can be formed into long sheets

A

malleable

87
Q

can be stretched into wire

A

ductile

88
Q

metals are good conductors of __________

A

electricity

89
Q

most metals are located on the _____________ side of the periodic table

A

left

90
Q

metals tend to be_____

A

positive ions charges

91
Q

any element that is not a metal

A

non-metals

92
Q

non-metals are located on the _________ side of the periodic table

A

right

93
Q

non-metals tend to have _____________

A

negative charges

94
Q

Substances that consist of 2 or more atoms chemically combined in definite proportions by weight

A

Compounds

95
Q

properties of compounds

A
  1. molecules

2. formula

96
Q

(smallest unit of a compound that can exist alone and still retain properties of that compound). Including diatomic

A

molecules

97
Q

2 or more atoms of the same element that unite together to form a compound

A

diatomic compound

98
Q

abbreviation for any compound

A

formula

99
Q

examples of compounds…

A
  1. acids
  2. bases
  3. salts
  4. oxides
100
Q

a compound which has a pH below 7. It is acidic.

A

acids

101
Q

compounds that have a pH above 7. It is alkaline.

A

bases

102
Q

compounds which are formed in the reaction between acids and bases other than water.

A

salts

103
Q

compounds consisting of 2 or more elements…one of which is oxygen.

A

oxides

104
Q

an atom is to an element what a molecule is to a __________

A

compound

105
Q

A combination of two or more substances that are not chemically combined and are not in definite proportion by weight.

A

mixture

106
Q

examples of mixtures

A
  1. air
  2. embalming fluids
  3. blood
107
Q

ability of a system or material to do work

A

energy

108
Q

types of energy

A
  1. potential

2. kinetic

109
Q

energy of motion

A

kinetic energy

110
Q

energy which is stored

A

potential energy

111
Q

the gods of the periodic table are known as the _________________________

A

noble or inert gases

112
Q

horizontal rows across the periodic table are known as…..

A

periods or series

113
Q

elements begin with number _____ and continue in order

A

one

114
Q

vertical columns use numbers _________ or Roman numerals. These VERTICAL columns are called….

A

1-8

groups or families

115
Q

the group number represent the total number of __________ orbiting in the outer most shell around that elements

A

electrons

116
Q

the valence shell is also called…

A

outer most shell

orbit

117
Q

the max number of electrons located in the valence or outer shell is ______

A

8

118
Q

in chemistry there is a tendency to gain

A

equilibrium

119
Q

even though every element in its free state is electrically neutral that does not mean they are _______ in their free state. They want to be electrically more ______

A

happy

stable

120
Q

an atom is composed of a _________________ that has particles contained within it called ________ & _______________

A

central nucleus
protons
neutrons

121
Q

a third particle called an electron which has a __________ charge moves around the atom in its outer orbit or shells

A

negative 1

122
Q

the number of protons located in the nucleus of a single atom of that element.

A

atomic number

123
Q

an atomic number will always be a ______________ never a ___________–

A

whole number

percentage

124
Q

although a neutron has no charge, they do have __________

A

mass

125
Q

the number written below the symbol is the

A

atomic weight

126
Q

the number of protons plus the number of neutrons contained in the nucleus of a single atom of that element.

A

atomic weight

127
Q

Elements that differ only in terms of atomic weight but have the same atomic number are known as

A

isotopes

128
Q

To determine the number of neutrons for any element, take the _________ and subtract the _________________

A

atomic number

129
Q

protons have a ____________ charge

A

positive

130
Q

shells can contain up to _______ eletrons

A

32

131
Q

the inner most shell of any element has a max capacity of ____ electrons

A

2

132
Q

the max number of electrons in the valence or outermost shell is ____

A

8

133
Q

the max number of electrons you can ever gain or lose in any element is ______

A

4

134
Q

any atom that gains or loses electrons are called……

A

ions

135
Q

most metals lose…

A

electrons

136
Q

most non-metals gain….

A

electrons

137
Q

OF PROTONS + # OF NEUTRONS =

A

atomic weight

138
Q

ATOMIC WEIGHT – ATOMIC NUMBER =

A

OF NEUTRONS

139
Q

The smallest particle of an element is called the ______

A

atom.

140
Q

All atoms are composed of a central _______ with protons and neutrons.

A

nucleus

141
Q

The electrons move around the nucleus i

A

orbits or shells.

142
Q

The identity of elements are made by assignment of an _____________ which is identical to the number of protons in the nucleus.

A

atomic number

143
Q

_____________have no electrical charge - however, they serve to offer stability to a nucleus.

A

neutrons

144
Q

atoms may join together to form

A

molecules

145
Q

atoms of the same element which have identical chemical properties but different atomic weights are called _______

A

isotopes

146
Q

for any specific atom, the electrons in the outermost shell are called ________ electrons

A

valence

147
Q

atoms that are electrically charged because of a gain or loss of electrons are called….

A

ions

148
Q

the net attractive interaction between two atoms in a single molecule creates a ___________________

A

chemical bond

149
Q

______________ have a strong tendency to change from an unstable form with an incomplete outer shell to a more stable form with a complete outer shell with filled orbitals

A

ions

150
Q

those things which hold elements together to form new substances are called __________

A

chemical bonds

151
Q

compounds in which the atoms are held together by ionic bonds are called _________________________

A

ionic compounds

152
Q

these determine an element’s chemical reactivity (properties)

A

valence electrons

153
Q

when electrons are shared between atoms, a condition of ________________________ occurs

A

covalent bonding

154
Q

protons have a _____ charge and are located ______

A

+1

in the nucleus

155
Q

electrons have a ______ charge and are located ______

A

-1

in shell or outer orbit

156
Q

neutrons have a _____ charge and are located ______

A

0

in the nucleus

157
Q

helium has an atomic number of ______ and atomic weight of ______

A

2

4

158
Q

helium contains ___ protons, _____ electrons, & _____ neutrons

A

2
2
2

159
Q

carbon has an atomic number of _____ and an atomic weight of ____

A

6

12

160
Q

carbon contains ___ protons, ___ electrons, & ___ neutrons

A

6
6
6

161
Q

nitrogen has an atomic number of ____ and an atomic weight of _____

A

7

14

162
Q

nitrogen contains ____ protons, _____ electrons, & ____ neutrons

A

7
7
7

163
Q

Beryllium has 4 protons and 5 neutrons:

How many electrons does Beryllium have:

What is the atomic number of Beryllium:

What is the atomic weight of Beryllium:

A

4
4
9

164
Q

Fluorine has 9 protons and 10 neutrons:

How many electrons does Fluorine have:

What is the atomic number of Fluorine:

What is the atomic weight of Fluorine:

A

9
9
19

165
Q

abbreviation for a chemical change…

A

chemical equation

166
Q

number written to the left or in front of a symbol or formula is called…

A

coefficient

167
Q

number written to the right and slightly below a symbol or formula is called…

A

subscript

168
Q

formulas are usually expressed as the _____________ portion written first, and a non-metallic portion written last

A

metallic

169
Q

_________ usually have positive oxidation numbers

A

metals

170
Q

usually have negative oxidation numbers

A

non-metals

171
Q

Al

A

aluminum

172
Q

Br

A

Bromine

173
Q

Ca

A

Calcium

174
Q

C

A

Carbon

175
Q

Cl

A

Chlorine

176
Q

Cu

A

Copper

177
Q

F

A

Fluorine

178
Q

He

A

Helium

179
Q

H

A

Hydrogen

180
Q

I

A

Iodine

181
Q

Fe

A

Iron

182
Q

Hg

A

Mercury

183
Q

N

A

Nitrogen

184
Q

O

A

Oxygen

185
Q

P

A

Phosphorous

186
Q

K

A

Potassium

187
Q

Na

A

Sodium

188
Q

S

A

Sulfur

189
Q

The simplest type of matter based on composition is what we call _____________ .

A

ELEMENTS

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