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Anatomy.. Flashcards

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1
Q

what are the 2 type of vascular systems within the body?

A

blood vascular lymph vascular

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2
Q

What are the only ducts of the lymph system that periodically dump into the blood stream?

A
  1. Right lymphatic duct2. Thoracic duct
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3
Q

Once lymph has gone into the right lymphatic duct or thoracic duct, it is now called what?

A

blood

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4
Q

How many liters of blood are in an adult body

A

4.5 liters

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5
Q

What are the components of plasma?

A

92% water8% Dissolved substances

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6
Q

Functions of white blood cells - defend the body against infection through:

A

DiapedesisTissue repairAbsorption of fatFormation of blood proteins

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7
Q

Substances in blood that by themselves will promote blood clotting.

A

i. THROMBOPLASTIN – cephalin or thrombosinase ii. PROTHOMBINiii. CALCIUMiv. FIBRINOGEN – forms boundaries of latticework

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8
Q

Substances in blood that inhibit clotting

A

i. ANTITHROMBIN ii. ANTIPROTHROMBIN (HEPRIN)

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9
Q

FUNCTION OF BLOOD:

A

a. Transport–O2,CO2,food,waste,hormonesb. Temperatureregulation–98.6c. Control of pH – 7.3 to 7.4d. Control of water balance – 92% of plasma is H2O, can’t lose more than 1⁄2 or deathe. Defense against infection – by leukocytes (5)

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10
Q

Chemistry of clotting blood.

A

a) Fragmentation of platelets released a chemical called thromboplastin.b) Thrombaptastin neutralizes antiprothrombin, thus liberating prothrombin.c) Prothrombin unites with calcium to form thrambin.d) Thrambin and fibrinogen from fibrin.e. Fibrin and blood cells form the clot within three to five minutes.

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11
Q

dealing with a system of vessels

A

Vascular system

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12
Q

clear, straw color; forms/ begins from tissue fluid; substance which flows through the lymph vessels

A

Lymph

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13
Q

The substance, which bathes and surrounds the body cells.

A

Tissue fluid

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14
Q

The flow of all lymph in the human body, always begins in the smallest vessels

A

Lymph capillaries

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15
Q

a. Maintaintissuefluid balanceb. Remove other waste productsc. Body’s basic defense system (phagocytosis, antibodies)

A

Functions

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16
Q

specialized mass of cells or type of tissue located throughout the body (strategically placed)

A

Lymphoid tissues

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17
Q

3 pairs of lymphoid tissue whose purpose is to protect the opening between mouth cavity proper and oral pharynx.1. Adenoids2. Tonsils3. Haranginial

A

Tonsils

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18
Q

largest mass of lymph tissue in body; helps liver recycle red blood cells; located in the abdominal pelvic cavity

A

Spleen

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19
Q

located at base of neck; largest and most active during infancy, T-cells produce antibodies for life span

A

Thymus gland

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20
Q

filters for lymph, strategically placed throughout the body; there are 4 specific locations and all nodes are named for their location

A

Lymph nodes

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21
Q

located in armpit region, filter lymph from upper extremities or chest, most used to detect stage of malignancy of cancer

A

Axillary Lymph nodes

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22
Q

locatedinneck, used to diagnose Hodgkin’s disease in young adult males, filter lymph from head and neck

A

Cervical Lymph nodes

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23
Q

locatedingroin,this is where bubonic plaque is present, filter lymph from lower extremities

A

Inguinal Lymph nodes

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24
Q

locatedin intestines and filters lymph from the intestinal track or both large/small intestines. Used to detect stages of colon cancer

A

Mesenteric Lymph nodes

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25
Q

A special name given to lymph capillaries found only in the small intestine.

A

Lacteals

26
Q

is the waxy, milky substance which is formed between digestive fat and lymph.; flow of chyle begin in the lacteals.

A

Chyle

27
Q

first lower enlarged portion of thoracic duct; Chyle coming from the small intestine and lymph coming from the lower extremities, stops here to mix

A

Cistera Chyle

28
Q

lymph that originates on the right side of the head and neck. The right upper extremities, and right side of the chest will eventually drain through this duct.

A

Right lymphatic duct

29
Q

the largest lymph duct in the human body. 3/4 of the lymph in the body drains through this duct. Lymph coming from the left upper extremities, left side of the head and neck, left side of the chest, the entire abdominal cavity, and both lower extremities will drain through this duct.

A

Thoracic duct

30
Q

Capillaries- Sm. intestines (Lacteals)VesselsNodes (Specify)Right Lymphatic Duct or Thoracic Duct (TD-1st Cisterna Chyle for Lacteals)Blood

A

Flow of Lymph

31
Q

percentage of hydrogen ion in solution; 7.3-7.4 slightly alkaline

A

pH

32
Q

a measure of the resistance to flow of a liquid (thickness) Blood moves 4.5 to 5.5 times viscus (slower) than water

A

Viscosity

33
Q

normal body temperature is 98.6 F, 37 C; blood is 100.3 F, slightly warmer than normal body temperature

A

Temperature

34
Q

55% (Liquid portion) of non- clotted blood, slightly amber or straw color.

A

Plasma

35
Q

formed elements) 45% of whole human blood

A

Corpuscles

36
Q

Serum albuminSerum globulinFibrinogen

A

Blood proteins

37
Q

protein naturally dissolved in plasma portion of blood

A

Serum Albumin

38
Q

blood protein naturally found in plasma

A

Serum Globulin

39
Q

blood protein present in blood plasma which will form the fibrous network when blood clot forms

A

Fibrinogen

40
Q

NA – salt / K- potassium / Ca – calcium / Mg -magnesium

A

Inorganic salts

41
Q

Food glucose - (blood sugar) / lipids - fats

A

Nutrients

42
Q

urea - the primary constituent of urine ammonia

A

Waste Products

43
Q

o2 - Oxygen / Co2 -Carbon dioxide / N2 - Nitrogen

A

Respiratory gases

44
Q

component of plasma

A

Hormones

45
Q

dissolved within the plasma portion of blood.

A

Antibodies

46
Q

factors called Factor E

A

Essential clotting

47
Q

(ASE) speed up the rate of a chemical reaction and not used up in the process.

A

Enzymes

48
Q

biconcave discs shaped, non-nucleated, 4.5-5 million per cu. Mm of blood; crenation (shrink) hypertonic solution and hemolysis (bursting) hypotonic solution; originate in bone marrow 120 day life span normally; destroyed in the liver & spleen; The only function is to carry hemoglobin.

A

Erythrocytes (Red Blood Cells)

49
Q

least # of blood cells; 5,000 – 9,000 per cu. Mm of blood, most numerous types (5 different types);defense of the body against infection by diapedesis (WBC ability to squeeze thrupores/capillaries) and phagocytosis (cell ingestion, WBC will attempt to surround and ingestanything foreign) when destroyed it forms puss

A

Leukocytes (white blood cells)

50
Q

WBC’s which have absence of granules within protoplasm

A

Agranulocytes

51
Q

one large central nucleus - this cell in humans is responsible for producing antibodies.

A

Lymphocytes

52
Q

rid body of pus

A

Monocytes

53
Q

WBC’s which contain granules within protoplasm

A

Granulocytes

54
Q

granules stain neither red or blue (neutral), most numerous of type of WBC in humans, 65% of WBC; its function to performs phagocytosis - ingest, surrounds, and destroys anything foreign.

A

Neurophils

55
Q

granules of WBC that stain red

A

Eusinophils

56
Q

granules of WBC that stain blue. Responsible for allergic reactions

A

Basophils

57
Q

fragmented cells; 3,000 per cu. Mm; normal coagulation time is 3-5 minutes; plasma vs serum

A

Thrombocytes (platelets)

58
Q

liquid portion of non-clotted blood 92% H2O

A

Plasma

59
Q

the liquid portion of blood left over after blood has clotted.

A

Serum

60
Q

when blood clots, the central clotting factor that were present and dissolved in the plasma portion have been used up in the clotting process; 3-5 minutes; smallest in size 3 - 4 microns, disc shaped; 300,00 per cu. mm; Origin - bone marrow.

A

Fibrinogen

Board Science Cards (28 decks)

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