Quiz8 - CNS: Brain cont.

Question 1

basal nuclei (basal ganglion)

Answer 1

paired masses of cell bodies located deep inside cerebrum

Question 2

functions of basal nuclei

Answer 2

• subconscious control and integration of SKM tone
• coordinate learned movement patterns
• process, integrate and relay information from cortex to thalamus

Question 3

cuadate nucleus & putamen

Answer 3

coordination of arm and leg movements that occur during walking

Question 4

globus pallidus

Answer 4

adjusts muscle tone in preparation for voluntary movement

Question 5

amygdaloid body

Answer 5

integration center between limbic system, cerebrum and sensory systems; anger, danger and fear responses

Question 6

limbic system

Answer 6

important in emotions and memory

Question 7

parts of limbic system

Answer 7

• fornix
• cingulate gyrus
• mamillary bodies
• hippocampus

Question 8

fornix

Answer 8

tract connecting hippocampus to hypothalamus

Question 9

cingulate gyrus

Answer 9

allows shifting between thoughts and express emotions through gestures

Question 10

mamillary bodies

Answer 10

contain motor nuclei that control reflex movements associated with eating (ex: licking, chewing, swallowing)

Question 11

hippocampus

Answer 11

important in learning and storage of long-term memory

Question 12

parts of diencephalon

Answer 12

epithalamus
thalamus
hypothalamus

Question 13

epithalamus

Answer 13

posterior portion contains pineal gland which produces melatonin (affects sleep cycle)

Question 14

thalamus

Answer 14

• masses of nuclei
• relay center or “gateway” through which sensory information passes to cerebrum
• transfers information to correct part of cortex for localization and interpretation

Question 15

hypothalamus

Answer 15

important autonomic nervous system center (important for homeostasis)

Question 16

functions of hypothalamus

Answer 16

• subconscious control of skeletal muscles
• control of autonomic function (ex: blood pressure & rate)
• coordination between voluntary and autonomic functions
• production of emotions and behavior drives (ex: hunger & thirst)
• regulation of body temperature
• control of circadian rhythm - sleep/wake cycle
• secretion of hormone from pituitary gland

Question 17

parts of brainstem

Answer 17

midbrain, pons, medulla

- attaches to spinal cord

Question 18

midbrain

Answer 18

mostly composed of tracts of nerve fibers

Question 19

parts of midbrain

Answer 19

• superior & inferior colliculi (corpora quadrigemmina)
• red nucleus
• substantia nigra

Question 20

superior & inferior colliculi (corpora quadrigemmina)

Answer 20

reflex centers for vision and hearing

Question 21

red nucleus

Answer 21

has numerous blood vessels; integrates information from cerebrum and cerebellum and directs involuntary motor commands of the limbs

Question 22

substantia nigra

Answer 22

involved in motor coordination; functionally linked to basal nuclei; produce dopamine (inhibitory neurotransmitters)

Question 23

parkinsons disease

Answer 23

diseases involving degeneration of basal ganglia; neurons producing dopamine (in substantia nigra) are damaged

Question 24

symptoms of parkinson disease

Answer 24

• constant tremor at rest
• limited initiation of movements
• rigidity
• slowness in complex voluntary movements

Question 25

pons

Answer 25

connect higher brain centers and spinal cord

• relay information between motor cortex and cerebellum
• contain nuclei for involuntary control of respiration

Question 26

medulla oblongata

Answer 26

merges into spinal cord; relay fiber tracts to appropriate brain regions; contains many nuclei of cranial nerves

Question 27

what does the medulla oblongata control

Answer 27

• cardiovascular: force & rate of heart contraction

- respiratory: rate & depth of breathing

Question 28

cerebellum

Answer 28

coordinates and fine-tunes ongoing movements of body parts and adjust postural muscles (maintain balance and equilibrium)

Question 29

functions of cerebellum

Answer 29

• adjust the postural muscles of the body

- programming and fine-tuning voluntary and involuntary movements

Question 30

cerebellar dysfunctions

Answer 30

ataxia and dysmetria

Question 31

ataxia

Answer 31

unsteadiness or irregular patterns of movement

Question 32

dysmetria

Answer 32

inability to anticipate and stop a movement precisely