Quiz 9 - ANS

Question 1

somatic nervous system

Answer 1

operates under voluntary (conscious) control; controls skeletal muslces

Question 2

autonomic nervous system

Answer 2

operates under involuntary instruction; controls visceral organs

Question 3

what systems does the ANS coordinate

Answer 3

cardiovascular, respiratory, digestive, urinary, reproductive

Question 4

preganglionic neurons

Answer 4

axons of preganglionic neurons; leave CNS and synapse on ganglionic neurons

Question 5

ganglionic neurons

Answer 5

in autonomic ganglia, innervate visceral organs (cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, glands and adipose tissue)

Question 6

postganglionic fibers

Answer 6

axons of ganglionic neurons

Question 7

divisions of the ANS

Answer 7

sympathetic and parasympathetic

Question 8

sympathetic

Answer 8

fight or flight - response to emergency, high-stress, high-exertion situations (utilizes energy stores)

Question 9

parasympathetic

Answer 9

rest and digest - maintains resting conditions, reduces metabolic rate and promotes digestion (conserves energy)

Question 10

parts of sympathetic nervous system

Answer 10

• thoracolumbar
• preganglionic neurons
• ganglia
• ganglionic neurons

Question 11

thoracolumbar

Answer 11

preganglionic neurons originate from the thoracic and lumbar segments (T1-L2) of spinal cord

Question 12

preganglionic neurons in SNS

Answer 12

short preganglionic fibers, (most) ganglia close to spinal cord

Question 13

three types of ganglia

Answer 13

sympathetic chain ganglia
collateral ganglia
adrenal medullae

Question 14

sympathetic chain ganglia

Answer 14

(paravertebral) - on both sides of cerebral column

- control effecters: in body wall, thoracic cavity, head, neck, limbs

Question 15

collateral ganglia

Answer 15

(prevertebral) - anterior to vertebral bodies

- contain ganglionic neurons that innervate tissues and organs in abdominopelvic cavity

Question 16

adrenal medullae

Answer 16

very short postganglionic fibers
- when stimulated, release neurotransmitters (epinephrine and norepinephrine) into bloodstream which affect target cells throughout body

Question 17

ganglionic neurons of SNS

Answer 17

long postganglionic fibers (except in adrenal medullae)

- extensive divergence: allows it to function as a unit (mass activation) and also more diffuse and widespread response

Question 18

specific functions of SNS

Answer 18

• dilation of pupils
• increase in alertness, feelings of energy and euphoria
• increase in cardiovascular activity
• increase in respiratory activity

Question 19

neurotransmitters released in SNS

Answer 19

• both systems release acetylcholine (ACh) at ganglion

- norepinephrine and epinephrine - released by postganglionic fibers to target tissues and bloodstream

Question 20

parts of parasympathetic nervous system

Answer 20

craniosacral
preganglionic neurons
ganglionic neurons
postganglionic fibers

Question 21

craniosacral

Answer 21

brain stem (cranial nerves III, VII, IX, X) and sacral segment (S1-S4) of spinal cord

Question 22

preganglionic neurons in PNS

Answer 22

long

Question 23

ganglionic neurons in PNS

Answer 23

near or at effector organs (short)

Question 24

postganglionic fibers in PNS

Answer 24

short, innervates structures in head and organs in thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities (effects are usually more specific and localized

Question 25

specific functions of PNS

Answer 25

• constriction of pupils
• decrease cardiovascular activity
• increase arousal and stimulation of sexual glands
• decrease digestive activity

Question 26

neurotransmitters released on PNS

Answer 26

parasympathetic: acetylcholine released by postganglionic fibers

Question 27

dual innervations of SNS and PNS

Answer 27

• most visceral organs receive dual innervation (both SNS/PNS)
• usually have opposing effects (antagonistic)
• most prominent in digestive tract, heart and lungs