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Anatomy > Quiz 7 - Nervous Tissue > Flashcards

Quiz 7 - Nervous Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

overview of nervous system

A
  • control and adjust the activities of other organs

- relatively swift and brief responses

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2
Q

two parts of nervous system

A

central nervous system and peripheral nervous system

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3
Q

CNS

A
  • brain and spinal cord

- integration, processing and command center

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4
Q

PNS

A
  • nerves

- carries messages to and from CNS

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5
Q

two different types of functions

A

afferent/sensory division or efferent/motor divison

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6
Q

afferent/sensory division

A

nerve fibers that carry information from sense organs TO the CNS

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7
Q

efferent/motor division

A

nerve fibers that carry information FROM the CNS

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8
Q

where does efferent/motor division send information to

A

somatic nervous system and autonomic nervous system

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9
Q

somatic nervous system

A

(voluntary) - skeletal muscles

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10
Q

autonomic nervous system

A

(involuntary) - cardiac and smooth muscles, glands

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11
Q

parasympathetic

A

“rest and digest” system

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12
Q

sympathetic

A

“fight or flight” system

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13
Q

neurons

A

nerve cells - specialized to transmit electrical impulses

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14
Q

cell body

A

contains nucleus, mitochondria, ribosomes and other organelles

  • metabolic center of cell
  • contains large nucleus and nucleolus
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15
Q

dendrites

A

stimulated by environment changes or the activities of other cells

  • processes conduct impulses TO the cell body
  • receives information from other neurons
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16
Q

axon

A

conducts nerve impulses (action potential) toward synaptic terminals

17
Q

axon hillock

A

tapering section of cell body from which axon arises; generates action potentials (electrical signal)

18
Q

conducting region

A

carries electrical signals in one direction toward synaptic terminals

19
Q

synaptic terminals

A

secrete neurotransmitters (chemical messengers) to another neuron or effector

20
Q

neuralgia of CNS

A

“nerve glue”

  • general functions: support, insulate and protecting neurons
  • smaller than neurons - helper cells for neurons
21
Q

ependymal cells

A
  • line the central cavities of the brain and spinal cord

- usually assist in monitoring composition of and circulating cerebrospinal fluid

22
Q

cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

A

fluid circulated in the nervous system that transport dissolved gases, nutrients, wastes, etc.
- acts as ‘cushion’

23
Q

astrocytes

A
  • most abundant, versatile and highly branched glial cells

- cling to neurons and capillaries

24
Q

things astrocytes do

A
  • maintain the blood brain barrier
  • create 3-D framework for CNS
  • repair damaged neural tissue
  • guiding neuron development
  • controlling interstitial environment
25
Q

microglia

A
  • small with spiny processes

- phagocytes that remove cell debris, wastes and pathogens

26
Q

oligodendrocytes

A

produce insulating myelin sheath around nerve fibers in CNS

27
Q

myelin

A
  • fatty material that protects and insulates nerves
  • speeds up transmission rate of nerve impulses
  • makes nerves appear white
28
Q

neuroglia of the PNS

A

satellite cells
schwann cells
nodes of ranvier

29
Q

satellite cells

A

surround ganglia (cell bodies), regulate exchange of nutrient and waste products between neuron cell body and extracellular fluid (ECF)

30
Q

schwann cells

A

cells that form myelin sheath (neurolemma) around peripheral axons

31
Q

nodes of ranvier

A

gaps in myelin sheath along axon

  • impulses travel faster when fibers have a myelin sheath
  • allows impulses to “jump” from node to node
32
Q

white matter

A

cell bodies and unmyelinated fibers

33
Q

gray matter

A

mylinated fibers

34
Q

differences between neuroglia and neurons

A
  • glia cannot transmit nerve impulses like neurons
  • glia retain ability to divide (unlike neurons)
  • most brain tumors are gliomas
  • there are more glia than neurons (5x as much as neurons)

Anatomy (40 decks)

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