Quiz 12 - Vessels (Arteries) Flashcards
layers of the blood vessels
superficial to deep:
- tunica externa
- tunica media
- tunica intima
tunica externa
connective or fibrous tissue (mostly collagen)
tunica media
smooth muscle: vasoconstrict/vasodilate in response to autonomic nervous system or local stimuli
elastin: allows for resilience (expand and recoil)
tunica intima
endothelium: single layer of endothelial cells lining the inner wall of ALL vessels (continuous from endocardium in heart)
types of blood vessels
arteries, capillaries, veins
types of arteries
large (elastic) arteries
small (muscular) arteries
arterioles
large arteries
largest diameter (up to 25mm) thickest walls ~2mm contains the most elastin conduct blood AWAY from heart tolerate pressure changes
small arteries
small diameter ~5mm
thinner walls ~1mm
contain the most smooth muscle and less elastic tissue
contract/relax to control blood flow to each organ
arterioles
smallest diameter ~0.03mm
thinnest walls ~5um
mostly smooth muscle
contract/relax to control blood flow to capillaries
general patterns
right and left sides are usually identical
single vessel changes names as it crosses specific anatomical boundaries
aortic arch
3 branches: supply blood to head, neck, shoulders, and upper neck
- brachiocephalic trunk
- lt common carotid
- lt subclavian
brachiocephalic trunk
splits into…
rt common carotid –> internal and external carotid
rt subclavian
arteries of the brain
internal carotid
vertebral
basilic
circle of willis
internal carotid
stern from common carotid at larynx
vertebral
stem from subclavian
- ascends through transverse foramina of cervical vertebrae
- enters cranium at foramen magnum
basilic
formed from 2 vertebral arteries
circle of willis
‘ring’ formed by internal carotid and basilar artery around pituitary gland
upper extremity arteries
axillary - shoulder
brachial - upper arm and elbow
radial and ulnar - lower arm
thoracic cavity arteries
descending aorta - continuous with aortic arch
thoracic aorta - superior to diaphragm
arteries of thoracic aorta
pericardial - pericardium bronchial - lungs esophageal - esophagus mediastinal - mediastinum intercostals - thoracic cavity walls superior phrenic - superior diaphragm
unpaired abdominal cavity arteries
celiac trunk
superior mesenteric
inferior mesenteric
arteries of celiac trunk
left gastric - stomach, esophagus
common hepatic - liver, duodenum, pancreas
splenic - spleen, pancreas
superior mesenteric
small intestine and proximal colon
inferior mesenteric
distal colon and rectum
paired abdominal cavity arteries
inferior phrenic - inferior diaphragm suprarenal - adrenal gland renal - kidneys gonadal - gonads lumbar - vertebrae, spinal cord and abdominal wall
lower extremity arteries
common iliac - pelvic organs (bladder) external iliac - hip femoral - thigh (upper leg) popliteal - knee anterior tibial - anterior lower leg posterior tibial - posterior lower leg (calf) fibular
