Quiz 12 - Vessels (Arteries)

Question 1

layers of the blood vessels

Answer 1

superficial to deep:

• tunica externa
• tunica media
• tunica intima

Question 2

tunica externa

Answer 2

connective or fibrous tissue (mostly collagen)

Question 3

tunica media

Answer 3

smooth muscle: vasoconstrict/vasodilate in response to autonomic nervous system or local stimuli
elastin: allows for resilience (expand and recoil)

Question 4

tunica intima

Answer 4

endothelium: single layer of endothelial cells lining the inner wall of ALL vessels (continuous from endocardium in heart)

Question 5

types of blood vessels

Answer 5

arteries, capillaries, veins

Question 6

types of arteries

Answer 6

large (elastic) arteries
small (muscular) arteries
arterioles

Question 7

large arteries

Answer 7

largest diameter (up to 25mm)
thickest walls ~2mm
contains the most elastin
conduct blood AWAY from heart
tolerate pressure changes

Question 8

small arteries

Answer 8

small diameter ~5mm
thinner walls ~1mm
contain the most smooth muscle and less elastic tissue
contract/relax to control blood flow to each organ

Question 9

arterioles

Answer 9

smallest diameter ~0.03mm
thinnest walls ~5um
mostly smooth muscle
contract/relax to control blood flow to capillaries

Question 10

general patterns

Answer 10

right and left sides are usually identical

single vessel changes names as it crosses specific anatomical boundaries

Question 11

aortic arch

Answer 11

3 branches: supply blood to head, neck, shoulders, and upper neck

• brachiocephalic trunk
• lt common carotid
• lt subclavian

Question 12

brachiocephalic trunk

Answer 12

splits into…
rt common carotid –> internal and external carotid
rt subclavian

Question 13

arteries of the brain

Answer 13

internal carotid
vertebral
basilic
circle of willis

Question 14

internal carotid

Answer 14

stern from common carotid at larynx

Question 15

vertebral

Answer 15

stem from subclavian

• ascends through transverse foramina of cervical vertebrae
• enters cranium at foramen magnum

Question 16

basilic

Answer 16

formed from 2 vertebral arteries

Question 17

circle of willis

Answer 17

‘ring’ formed by internal carotid and basilar artery around pituitary gland

Question 18

upper extremity arteries

Answer 18

axillary - shoulder
brachial - upper arm and elbow
radial and ulnar - lower arm

Question 19

thoracic cavity arteries

Answer 19

descending aorta - continuous with aortic arch

thoracic aorta - superior to diaphragm

Question 20

arteries of thoracic aorta

Answer 20

pericardial - pericardium
bronchial - lungs
esophageal - esophagus
mediastinal - mediastinum
intercostals - thoracic cavity walls
superior phrenic - superior diaphragm

Question 21

unpaired abdominal cavity arteries

Answer 21

celiac trunk
superior mesenteric
inferior mesenteric

Question 22

arteries of celiac trunk

Answer 22

left gastric - stomach, esophagus
common hepatic - liver, duodenum, pancreas
splenic - spleen, pancreas

Question 23

superior mesenteric

Answer 23

small intestine and proximal colon

Question 24

inferior mesenteric

Answer 24

distal colon and rectum

Question 25

paired abdominal cavity arteries

Answer 25

inferior phrenic - inferior diaphragm
suprarenal - adrenal gland
renal - kidneys
gonadal - gonads
lumbar - vertebrae, spinal cord and abdominal wall

Question 26

lower extremity arteries

Answer 26

common iliac - pelvic organs (bladder)
external iliac - hip
femoral  - thigh (upper leg)
popliteal - knee
anterior tibial - anterior lower leg
posterior tibial - posterior lower leg (calf)
fibular