Quiz 11 - Heart

Question 1

parts of cardiovascular system

Answer 1

pulmonary circulation
systemic circulation
blood vessels

Question 2

pulmonary circulation

Answer 2

path of blood from right ventricle to lungs, back to heart

Question 3

systemic circulation

Answer 3

path of blood from left ventricle to body, back to heart

Question 4

blood vessels

Answer 4

arteries - carries blood away from heart
veins - carries blood to the heart
capillaries - networks between arteries and veins; exchange materials between blood and tissues

Question 5

location and anatomy of heart

Answer 5

• left of the midline
• superior surface of diaphragm between the lungs
• rotated slightly to the left

Question 6

base and apex

Answer 6

base: superior end where vessels are attached
apex: pointed inferior end

Question 7

layers of the heart

Answer 7

(superficial to deep)

• fibrous pericardium
• serous pericardium (parietal pericardium and pericardial cavity)
• myocardium
• endocardium

Question 8

cardiac muscle structure

Answer 8

myocardial

• striated, short, branched and interconnected
• intercalated discs
• functional syncytium

Question 9

intercalated disks

Answer 9

anchor cardiac cells together and allow free passage of ions via gap junctions

Question 10

functional synctium

Answer 10

behaves as a single unit (“one muscle”); action potentials originating in any cell are transmitted to all others

Question 11

chambers of the heart

Answer 11

• 2 atria

- 2 ventricles

Question 12

atria

Answer 12

receiving chambers; each has a protruding auricle

Question 13

right atrium

Answer 13

receives blood from superior and inferior vena cave and coronary sinus

Question 14

left atrium

Answer 14

receives blood entering form pulmonary veins

Question 15

ventricles

Answer 15

ejecting chambers; papillary muscles mark ventricular walls

Question 16

right ventricle

Answer 16

pumps blood into the pulmonary trunk

Question 17

left ventricle

Answer 17

pumps blood into the aorta

Question 18

valves of the heart

Answer 18

• 2 antrioventricular valves

- 2 semilunar valves

Question 19

antrioventricular valves

Answer 19

between atria and ventricles; prevent back flow into the atria when ventricles contract

• tricuspid
• biscuspid/mitral

Question 20

semilunar valves

Answer 20

between ventricle and artery; prevents back flow of blood into the ventricles

• aortic
• pulmonary

Question 21

vessels of the heart

Answer 21

pulmonary artery (trunk)
aorta
superior/inferior vena cava
pulmonary veins
coronary arteries
coronary veins

Question 22

other structures of the heart

Answer 22

chordae tendinae
papillary muscles
interventricular septum
auricle

Question 23

chordae tendinae

Answer 23

anchor atrioventricular valves to papillary muscles; prevents eversion of AV valves

Question 24

interventricular septum

Answer 24

muscle wall sparating ventricles

Question 25

conducting tissues of the heart

Answer 25

heart muscle cells contract, without nerve impulses, in a regular, continuous way

Question 26

types of nodes in heart

Answer 26

sinoatrial node
atrioventricular node
AV bundle

Question 27

sinoatrial node

Answer 27

delays impulse ~0.1 seconds: allows atrial contraction while ventricles relax

Question 28

AV bundle

Answer 28

(bundle of His) - passes impulse from atria to ventricles via bundle branches

Question 29

parts of bundle of His

Answer 29

purkinje fibers - carry impulses from the heart apex to base, stimulating ventricular myocytes