Quiz 11 - Heart Flashcards
parts of cardiovascular system
pulmonary circulation
systemic circulation
blood vessels
pulmonary circulation
path of blood from right ventricle to lungs, back to heart
systemic circulation
path of blood from left ventricle to body, back to heart
blood vessels
arteries - carries blood away from heart
veins - carries blood to the heart
capillaries - networks between arteries and veins; exchange materials between blood and tissues
location and anatomy of heart
- left of the midline
- superior surface of diaphragm between the lungs
- rotated slightly to the left
base and apex
base: superior end where vessels are attached
apex: pointed inferior end
layers of the heart
(superficial to deep)
- fibrous pericardium
- serous pericardium (parietal pericardium and pericardial cavity)
- myocardium
- endocardium
cardiac muscle structure
myocardial
- striated, short, branched and interconnected
- intercalated discs
- functional syncytium
intercalated disks
anchor cardiac cells together and allow free passage of ions via gap junctions
functional synctium
behaves as a single unit (“one muscle”); action potentials originating in any cell are transmitted to all others
chambers of the heart
- 2 atria
- 2 ventricles
atria
receiving chambers; each has a protruding auricle
right atrium
receives blood from superior and inferior vena cave and coronary sinus
left atrium
receives blood entering form pulmonary veins
ventricles
ejecting chambers; papillary muscles mark ventricular walls
right ventricle
pumps blood into the pulmonary trunk
left ventricle
pumps blood into the aorta
valves of the heart
- 2 antrioventricular valves
- 2 semilunar valves
antrioventricular valves
between atria and ventricles; prevent back flow into the atria when ventricles contract
- tricuspid
- biscuspid/mitral
semilunar valves
between ventricle and artery; prevents back flow of blood into the ventricles
- aortic
- pulmonary
vessels of the heart
pulmonary artery (trunk) aorta superior/inferior vena cava pulmonary veins coronary arteries coronary veins
other structures of the heart
chordae tendinae
papillary muscles
interventricular septum
auricle
chordae tendinae
anchor atrioventricular valves to papillary muscles; prevents eversion of AV valves
interventricular septum
muscle wall sparating ventricles
conducting tissues of the heart
heart muscle cells contract, without nerve impulses, in a regular, continuous way
types of nodes in heart
sinoatrial node
atrioventricular node
AV bundle
sinoatrial node
delays impulse ~0.1 seconds: allows atrial contraction while ventricles relax
AV bundle
(bundle of His) - passes impulse from atria to ventricles via bundle branches
parts of bundle of His
purkinje fibers - carry impulses from the heart apex to base, stimulating ventricular myocytes
