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Path IV Quizzes > Quiz 5 PNS > Flashcards

Quiz 5 PNS Flashcards

1
Q

Common causes of PNS neuropathies

A

vitamin deficiency, medications, systemic disease (diabetes), traumatic injury, alcohol

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2
Q

axolemma

A

cell membrane surrounding the axon and maintains membrane potential of the neuron

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3
Q

Wallerian degeneration

A

process that happens when a nerve fiber is cut or crush and nerve fiber is separated from neuron’s cell body

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4
Q

most common cranial nerve neuropathy

A

Bell’s Palsy

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5
Q

Bell’s Palsy

A

CN 7

  • associated with HSV 1
  • unilateral paralysis of entire face including mouth
  • no loss of speach
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6
Q

Difference between Bell’s Palsy and a stroke

A

Stroke: can move forehead, loss of speach

Bell’s: no loss of speach, can’t move forehead, can’t lift eyelid, can’t puff cheeks

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7
Q

trigemminal neuralgia

A
  • superior cerebellar artery compresses trigemminal nerve root.
  • severe pain on face where trigemminal nerve runs
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8
Q

oculomotor nerve palsy

A

maintain lateral and down gaze because trochlear and abducens nerves are in tact

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9
Q

mononeuropathies of limbs

A
  • carpal tunnel syndrome
  • ulnar neuropathy
  • brachial plexus neuropathy
  • peroneal neuropathy
  • meralgia parasthetica
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10
Q

Carpal Tunnel

A

compression/entrapment of median nerve

first three digits and half of 4th (where median nerve runs)

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11
Q

what do hypothenar eminence atrophy and thenar eminence atrophy indicate?

A

hypothenar: median nerve (carpal tunnel)
thenar: ulnar nerve

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12
Q

meralgia paresthetica

A

lateral cutaneous nerve of thigh is compressed by the inguinal ligament

  • pain, tingling, numbness
  • common in obese patients
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13
Q

3 CN mononeuropathies

A

CN 3 oculomotor nerve palsy
CN 5 trigemminal neuralgia (tic delarux)
CN 7 Bells Palsy

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14
Q

mechanism of diabetic neuropathy related to hyperglycemia

A

hyperglycemia leads to accumulation of sorbitol and depletion of inositol

  • decreased inositol Na, K, ATP-ase
  • leads to decreased nerve function
  • sorbitol holds water in which can affect nerves
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15
Q

renal failure is most commonly associated with

A

axonal degeneration

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16
Q

most common cause of immune inflammatory polyneuropathies in US

A

Guillain barre syndrome

- goes from feet up

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17
Q

What polyneuropathy starts from the head and moves downward?

A

Botulism (descending paralysis)

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18
Q

chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyrediculopathy

A 
gradual onset
relapses and remits
macrophage cells strip away myelin
mimicks ascending paralysis of guillain barre
no respiratory involvement
19
Q

ethanol related neuropathy

A

distal, painful neuropathy

burning, stabbing pain

20
Q

In what population is peripheral neuropathy most common?

A

in diabetic patients

21
Q

B1/thiamine deficiency

A

beri beri
alcohol related
wernicke korsikoff syndrome

22
Q

B6 deficiency

A

toxicity of dorsal root ganglion

23
Q

B12 deficiency

A

megaloblastic anemia

24
Q

infectious diseases that can cause polyneuropathies

A

leprosy (Hanson’s disease)
HIV/AIDS
lyme
varicella zoster

25
Q

1 viral pathology to affect PNS

A

Herpes Zoster

26
Q

hist leprosy (mycobacterium leprae)

A

red snapper

acid fast to see (doesn’t take up gram stain well)

27
Q

Herpes Zoster

A

lives in dorsal root ganglion
stress can cause it to come on
usually unilateral
involves 1-3 dermatomes

28
Q

lyme neuropathy vs bells palsy

A

bilateral facial neuropathy more common in patients with lyme disease

29
Q

Areas most commonly affected by herpes zoster

A

trigemminal (opthalmic) and thoracic dermatomes

30
Q

hist of herpes zoster

A

multinucleated giant cell

31
Q

sign that precedes opthalmic herpes zoster

A

Hutchinson’s sign

- skin lesion on tip of nose

32
Q

complication of shingles that involves the eyes

A

herpes zoster oticus
severe otalgia and cutaneous vesicular eruptions
corneal ulceration

33
Q

what is herpes zoster oticus called when it is associated with facial paralysis?

A

Ramsey-Hunt syndrome

34
Q

benign primary intracranial tumor of myelin-forming glial cells of the vestibulocochlear nerve.

  • sensori-neuro hearling loss
  • disturbed balance
  • vertigo
  • N/V
  • pressure in ear
A

schwanomma (acoustic neuroma)

35
Q

common, benign spindle cell tumor of peripheral nerves

A

neurofibroma

36
Q

schwanomma on CN 8

A

vestibular schwannoma

37
Q

multiple neurofibromas

A

neurofibromatosis

38
Q

which type of neurofibromatosis is more common?

A

type 1 (90%)

39
Q

characteristics of type 1 neurofibromatosis

A
  • usually unilateral

- cafe au lait spots

40
Q

mutation of what causes neurofibromatosis 1?

A

neurofibromin, a tumor suppressor gene

41
Q

type 2 neurofibromatosis

A
  • bilateral
  • cause here loss by age 20
  • mutation of protein merlin
42
Q

elongated cells in parallel bundles (like bundles of cables)

no atypia

A

perineuroma

43
Q

tumor that arises from major nerves in neck, forearm, lower leg, buttocks.

  • associated with neurofibromatosis
  • increased cells and mitotic figures
A

malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST)/malignant schwannoma

Path IV Quizzes (18 decks)

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