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Path IV Quizzes > Quiz 2 Renal Part 3 and 4 > Flashcards

Quiz 2 Renal Part 3 and 4 Flashcards

1
Q

where is toxic tubular necrosis found?

A

proximal tubule

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2
Q

where is ischemic tubular necrosis found?

A

distal tubule

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3
Q

hist of toxic acute tubular necrosis

A

absence of nuclei
homogenous cytoplasm that stains intensely eosinophilic
normal shape

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4
Q

what is pathognomonic for ATN?

A

muddy brown casts found in urine

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5
Q

what causes skip lesions through tubules?

A

ischemic ATN

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6
Q

Acute interstitial nephritis

A

does not effect tubule, glomerulus

does effect cells outside (interstitum)

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7
Q

what causes acute interstitial nephritis?

A 
strep
legionella
CMV
allergic response to drug
rejection of renal transplant
NSAIDS
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8
Q

what causes chronic interstitial nephritis?

A

diseases that lead to progressive scarring
cancers
exposure to lead
if drugs are removed

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9
Q

what would have eosinophils in blood or urine?

A

Acute interstitial nephritis (AIN)

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10
Q

hist of chronic interstitial nephritis

A

thin wire appearance

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11
Q

Fanconi’s syndrome

A

disease of proximal renal tubule
gluocse, amino acids, uric acid, phosphate, and bicarb passed into urine instead of being reabsorbed
- caused by drugs or heavy metals

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12
Q

what is Fanconi’s associated with?

A

renal tubular acidosis (RTA)

- accumulation of acid in body due to failure of kidneys to acidify urine

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13
Q

analgesic nephropathy

what can it lead to?

A

occurs after ingestion of large amounts of analgesics over long period of time
- can lead to papillary necrosis

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14
Q

cause of benign nephrosclerosis

A

DM with HTN

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15
Q

Cause of malignant nephrosclerosis

A

changes to vessels of kidneys

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16
Q

hist of benign nephrosclerosis

A

thickening of walls of small arteries

granular appearance

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17
Q

hist of malignant nephrosclerosis

A

onion ring appearance of blood vessels

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18
Q

what is number one cause of secondary HTN?

A

renal artery stenosis

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19
Q

what are two main reasons for RAS

A

atherosclerosis
fibromuscular dysplasia of renal artery
atheroembolic renal disease
scar formation of renal artery

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20
Q

which conditions commonly have thrombotic microangiopathy?

A

HUS (hemolytic uremic syndrome)

TTP (trhombotic thrombocytopenic purpura)

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21
Q

what is most common bacteria to cause HUS?

A

E. Coli 0157:H7

22
Q

Who gets HUS?

A

children

  • also postpartum women
  • clotting and bleeding simultaneously with HUS
23
Q

hist of HUS

A

capillary lumen occluded by necrotic debris and thrmobi

24
Q

where do emboli to renal artery come from?

A

heart

25
Q

what does kidney tissue look like after cell death due to tissue infarct?

A

wedge shaped because lose blood to whole area. (not sure how to explain this better)

26
Q

what is the most common type of kidney stone?

A

calcium oxalate (75%)

27
Q

What are the 4 types of kidney stones?

A 
calcium oxalate (75%)
triple phosphate (15%)
uric acid (5%)
cystine (1%)
28
Q

which stones show up on X-ray?

A

ca oxalate

29
Q

what type of stones are pyramidal?

A

struvite and triple phosphate

30
Q

which type of stones are seen most common in association with urinary tract infections by bacteria that are urea-splitting?

A

magnesium ammonium phosphate stones (triple phosphate stones)
*increased urine pH

31
Q

what causes staghorn triple phosphate stones?

A

urea splitting bacteria

32
Q

what is pH of urine with uric acid crystals/stones

A

acidic urine with pH of 5.5 or less

33
Q

what is the most common type of stone in children?

A

cystine stones

34
Q

why is ca elevated in cancer?

A

bone mets cause the release parathyroid hormone which boosts ca levels

35
Q

what are the benign renal tumors?

A

renal papillary adenoma
renal fibroma or hamartoma
angiomyolipoma
oncocytoma

36
Q

which type of tumor has hist of fronds?

A

papillary adenoma

37
Q

hist of oncocytoma

A

uniform large polygonal cells

numerous mitochondria

38
Q

most common primary renal tumor in children?

A

Wilm’s tumor/ nephroblastoma

39
Q

what tissue does primary renal tumor originate in?

A

kidney

40
Q

what is the most common malignancy?

A

RCC

41
Q

what chromosome is affected in children with Wilm’s?

A

11

42
Q

what is the second most common renal malignancy?

A

mets from another tissue

43
Q

most common primary malignancy?

A

RCC

44
Q

Second most common primary malignancy (not including mets from another tissue)?

A

transitional cell carcinoma

45
Q

most common tumor in UG tract?

A

TCC

46
Q

hist of wilm’s tumor

A

nests of cells
deep purple/blue
basophilic staining

47
Q

risk factors for RCC

A

tobacco
exposure to cadmium and asbestos
dialysis leads to cystic dz which is a risk factor

48
Q

Most common type of RCC

A

clear cell carcinoma (75-85%)

-contain a lot of glycogen

49
Q

1 cause of hydronephrosis in kids

A

renal pelvic junction obstruction

50
Q

where does clear cell carcinoma arise from?

A

proximal tubule

51
Q

most common location for mets of RCC?

A

lung and brain from renal vein to vena cava

Path IV Quizzes (18 decks)

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