CNS part 4

Question 1

most common type of dementia

Answer 1

alzeimers (late onset more common)

Question 2

early onset alzeimers is associated with which chromosome mutations

Answer 2

1, 14, 21

21 = trimsomy 21 (most common)

Question 3

abnormalities found in brain of alzeimers

Answer 3

amyloid plaque

Question 4

what does brain with dementia look like

Answer 4

gyri width decreased
sulci deeper
increased ventricles
diminished volume of grey and white matter

Question 5

Pick’s disease

Answer 5

uncommon cause of dementia that appears similar to alzeimers

Question 6

atrophy of Pick’s disease

Answer 6

knife-like

in frontal and temporal lobes

Question 7

neurofibullary tangles of alzheimers are found inside neurons that consist of what protein

Answer 7

tau

Question 8

micro infarcts

Answer 8

vascular dementia

Question 9

what does parkinsons affect

Answer 9

pigmented neuronal groups: substantia nigra, locus ceruleus

Question 10

hist of parkinsons

Answer 10

pale substantia nigra
decreased pigment
decreased neurons

Question 11

Lewy body dementia

Answer 11

patients with parkinsons also have dementia

• dementia and motor symptoms at the same time
• lewy bodies found in these patients

Question 12

demyelinating diseases

Answer 12

MS
progressive multifocal leukiencephalopathy
central pontine myelinosis

Question 13

most common demyelinating disease

Answer 13

MS

Question 14

how do you distinguish old vs new plaques in MS?

Answer 14

gadolineum

Question 15

how would you measure levels of immune proteins which are usually elevated in MS

Answer 15

lumbar puncture

Question 16

definitive diagnostic test for MS

Answer 16

none

Question 17

progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) due to what infection

Answer 17

JC virus

Question 18

hist of PML

Answer 18

foamy macrophages

large astrocytes

Question 19

iatrogenic cause of central pontine myelinolysis

Answer 19

overly rapid correction of hyponatremia

• causes myelin to be destroyed
• no inflammation

Question 20

in children and adults, where are 70% of brain tumors located

Answer 20

children: below tentorium
adults: above tentorium

Question 21

primary brain tumors: meningioma

Answer 21

benign

arise in arachnoid

Question 22

most prevalent brain tumor in children

Answer 22

astrocytic tumors
#1 glioblastoma
-#2 medulloblastoma
#3 ependymoma
#4 craniopharyngioma

Question 23

most prevalent brain tumors in adults

Answer 23

#1 metastatic
#2 astrocytic and meningiomas

Question 24

glioblastoma multiforme prognosis

Answer 24

most malignant: die within 8-10 months

Question 25

glioblastoma multiforme macroscopic

Answer 25

butterfly lesion spreads across corpus collosum

Question 26

which brain tumors account for 80% of all adult brain tumors

Answer 26

fibrillary astrocytomas and glioblastoma multiforme

Question 27

astrocytoma

Answer 27

malignant

stellite, spindle, fiberlike processes

Question 28

ependymoma

Answer 28

found near 4th ventricle

Question 29

hydrocephalus

Answer 29

CSF blocked by tumor

Question 30

10% of primary brain tumors in children are

Answer 30

ganglioglioma

Question 31

most common poorly differentiated brain tumor

Answer 31

medulloblastoma

- only in cerebellum

Question 32

hist of medulloblastoma

Answer 32

rosettes

small, ovoid, elongated cells

Question 33

Do malignant brain tumors met outside CNS?

Answer 33

not usually

Question 34

most common primary adult brain tumors

Answer 34

fibrillary astrocytoma and glioblastoma