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Path IV Quizzes > Quiz 4 Bone > Flashcards

Quiz 4 Bone Flashcards

1
Q

softening of bone

A

osteomalacia

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2
Q

dense or hardening bone

A

osteopetrosis

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3
Q

porus bone

A

osteoporosis

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4
Q

brittle bone disease

A

osteogenesis imperfecta

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5
Q

Osteogenesis imperfect is defective connective tissue due to what?

A

deficiency in normal type 1 collagen which forms bone matrix

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6
Q

idiopathic avascular osteonecrosis of epiphysis of femoral head leading to interruption of blood supply to head of femur

A

legg calve perthes syndrome or avascular necrosis

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7
Q

osteomalacia in children is called what and due to what deficiency?

A

Rickets

vit D

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8
Q

In children under 4 who have Rickets what do you see?

In chidlren over 4 what do you see?

A

under 4 = leg bowing = genu varum

over 4 = knock knees (genu valgum)

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9
Q

what does x-ray of rickets pt show?

A

rackitic rosary/beading of ribs of costochondral joints

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10
Q

secondary osteoporosis is caused by what?

A

CA, endocrine, drugs, malabsorption

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11
Q

Are osteoclasts or blasts more active in osteoporosis

A

Clasts because they are breaking down bone.

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12
Q

What is most common sequelae of osteoporosis and location?

A

fracture of vertebrae

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13
Q

overactivity of osteoclasts and osteoblasts with multiple bones being affected?

A

Paget’s disease

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14
Q

hist of Paget’s

A

mosaic pattern of lamellar bone (jigsaw)

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15
Q

x-ray of skull with Paget’s

A

cotton ball

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16
Q

What is unique about Page’ts fracture?

A

straight line across

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17
Q

what labs are elevated in Pagets?

A

alk phos

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18
Q

what is there an increased risk for in Pagets?

A

osteosarcoma

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19
Q

1 most common bone infection?

A

staph

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20
Q

How are bone infections spread?

A

hematogenous
soft tissue
direct trauma

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21
Q

What is a skeletal change associated with chronic renal disease and can cause bone resorption and softening

A

Renal osteodystrophy

22
Q

What can osteodystrophy put children at risk for?

A

rickets

23
Q

What type of fracture has overlying tissue that is intact?

A

simple/closed

24
Q

What type of fracture has ends of bone that are not aligned?

A

displaced

25
Q

what type of fracture has open skin with bone sticking out?

A

compound/open

26
Q

What type of fracture has splintered bone?

A

comminuted

27
Q

What causes a pathological fracture?

A

disease

28
Q

What are two types of bone cysts?

A

solitary

aneurismal

29
Q

who gets solitary bone cysts and where are they located and x-ray finding?

A

young men 10-20
distal long bone
x ray shows smooth, thin cortex

30
Q

Who gets aneurismal bone cysts, where are they, and what does x-ray look like?

A

Women 20-30
long bone
honey combed on xray
more likely to recur than solitary

31
Q

benign bone tumor and histology

A

osteoid osteoma

cherry red tissue

32
Q

What syndrome has multiple osteoid osteomas?

A

Gardners

33
Q

primary bone malignancy?

A

osteosarcoma

34
Q

What disease has an increased risk for osteosarcomas?

A

Pagets

35
Q

What is the third most common malignancy in children?

A

osteosarcoma

36
Q

Where does osteosarcoma met to?

A

lung

37
Q

where do you most commonly see osteosarcoma?

A

distal femur, near knee

38
Q

Skip lesions within bone

spicules of Ca in adjacent soft tissue

A

osteosarcoma

39
Q

uncommon bone tumor found around the knee in distal femur or proximal tibia
- tumor produces collagen matrix

A

fibrosarcoma

40
Q

fibrosarcoma hist

A

sheets of cells

41
Q

x-ray findings giant cell tumor

A

cortical erosion and thinning which expands to bone contours without a border of new bone

42
Q

hist of giant cell tumor

A

oval tumor cells and multinucleated giant tumor cells

43
Q

malignant muscle tumor in children

A

rhabdosarcoma

44
Q

malignant tumor of bone composed of rounded cells that are uniform in size
- mainly in children age 13-14

A

Ewing Sarcoma

45
Q

Ewing Sarcoma on x-ray

A

moth eaten

46
Q

malignant disease of plasma cells in bone marrow

A

multiple myeloma

47
Q

malignant plasma B cells
fracture and bone pain
lytic lesions

A

multiple myeloma

48
Q

what are 4 types of CA that met to bone?

A

lung
kidney
breast
prostate

49
Q

In children, what types of CA met to bone?

A

neuroblastoma
Wilm’s tumor
osteosarcoma
Ewing Sarcoma

50
Q

when do you see ivory vertebra sign?

A

metastatic ca

pagets disease

Path IV Quizzes (18 decks)

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