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Path IV Quizzes > Quiz 2 Renal Part 1 and 2 > Flashcards

Quiz 2 Renal Part 1 and 2 Flashcards

1
Q

what activates cascade of angiotensinogen to angio 1 to angio 2?

A

Renin

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2
Q

Absence of one or both kidneys

A

renal agenesis

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3
Q
  • Condition in which kidneys are fused at either upper or lower pole.
  • Which location is most common?
A
  • Horseshoe kidney

- lower pole

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4
Q

what is the difference between adult and child PKD (polycystic kidney disease)?

A
  • adult: autosomal dominant

- child: autosomal recessive

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5
Q

hist of childhood PKD

A

large cysts lined with flattened cuboidal epithelium and intervening parenchyma that is fibrotic with islands of blue cartilage

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6
Q

What is adult PKD associated with?

A

concurrent liver cysts

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7
Q

What does dialysis cause? And what does this predispose these pt for?

A
  • chronic dialysis cysts

- predisopose for RCC

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8
Q

Do simply cysts and dialysis cysts both cause an increased risk for RCC?

A

No, just dialysis cysts

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9
Q

which glomerular diseases present as nephrotic syndrome?

A 
lipoid nephrosis/minimal change nephrosis
membranous glomerulopathy
focal-segmental glomerulosclerosis
nodular and diffuse glomerulosclerosis
*they are all non-proliferative
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10
Q

What are the 4 characteristics of nephrotic syndrome?

A
  1. porteinuria >3gm per 24 hours
  2. decreased serum proteins
  3. increased serum lipid levels
  4. edema
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11
Q

What do you call edema everywhere?

A

anasarca

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12
Q

What are the 6 characteristics of nephritic syndrome?

A
  1. proteinuria (less than nephrotic syndrome)
  2. gross hematuria
  3. RBC casts
  4. azotemia (increased BUN)
  5. oliguria (urine
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13
Q

What is #1 type of nephrotic syndrome in children?

A

minimal change/lipoid nephrosis

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14
Q

hist of lipoid nephrosis

A

normal

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15
Q

Most common adult nephrotic syndrome and what is cause?

A

membranous glomerulopathy
caused by response to antigenic stimulation by an infectious agent or toxin (hep B and C, syphilis, malaria, schistosomiasis)

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16
Q

hist of membranous glomerulopathy

A

diffusely thickened basement membrane and spiked appearance

- capillary loops are thickened and prominent

17
Q

most common type of nephrotic syndrome in African American adults?

A

Focal Segmental glomerulosclerosis

18
Q

hist of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis

A

some parts are normal and some parts are abnormal

19
Q

what causes post-infectious glomerulonephritis?

A

immune response to previous infection with GABHS

20
Q

What two diseases can cause glomerulosclerosis and their hist?

A

diabetes: hyaline degeneration
amyloidosis: pink, fibrils of protein line up in amyloid. And foot processes coming off

21
Q

1 cause of glomerulonephritis worldwide?

A

IgA/Bergers type III immune reaction

22
Q

1 cause of chronic renal failure in US?

A

Diabetes mellitus

23
Q

characteristics of diabetic nephropathy

A

slow progressing
proteinuria
glucosuria
*spilling microalbumin

24
Q

What is nodular glomerulosclerosis related to diabetes referred to as?

A

Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease

25
Q

mnemonic for nephritic syndrome characteristics

A 
PHAROH
Proteinuria
Hematuria
Azotemia
RBC casts
Oliguria
Hypertension
26
Q

Bergers disease/IgA nephropathy

A

marked hypersecrtion of IgA in response to antigenic stimulus
* common in pt with celiac

27
Q

Another disease state of IgA over-secretion?

A

Henoch-Schonlein purpura

28
Q

Characteristics of Henoch-Schonlein purpura

A 
skin lesions
joint tenderness
hematuria
vasculitis
in kids
29
Q

List types of non-proliferative glomerulonephritis

A

minimal change GN
focal segmental GN
membranous GN

30
Q

What is the most common cause of acute nephritic syndrome?

A

Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis

GABHS

31
Q

hist of post-strep GN

A

clumps of humps

32
Q

hist of rapidly progressing GN (RPGN)

A

crescent shape: bands of fibrin deposited throughout capillary tufts

33
Q

what conditions increase risk of RPGN>

A

vasculitis
collagen vascular (Goodpasture and Henoch-schonlein)
IgA nephropathy
Membranoproliferative GN

34
Q

Goodpasture

A

type II hypersensitivity

basement membrane changes in kidney and lungs

35
Q

Wegener’s granulomatosis

A

involves kidney and other organs (mucosa, otitis, conjunctivitis, gums)
sores
ulcers

36
Q

lab for Wegener’s granulomatosis

A

+ C- ANCA

anti neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies

37
Q

What would P-ANCA be positive in?

A

polyartaritis nodosum (PAN)

38
Q

Adult PKD is known to have cysts where?

A

kidney and liver

39
Q

what is the worst biopsy finding in Wegeners?

A

crescentic

Path IV Quizzes (18 decks)

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