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Biology > Quarter 4 (Final Test) > Flashcards

Quarter 4 (Final Test) Flashcards

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1
Q

What are invertebrates?

A

Animals that lack a back bone

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2
Q

What are vertebrates?

A

Animals that posses a backbone

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3
Q

What do sponges eat and how do they get their food?

A

Microscopic organisms in the water. They get their food by pumping water into themselves

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4
Q

Which phylum of animals has nematocysts?

A

Phylum Cnidaria

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5
Q

What function does the cuticle perform in an earthworm?

A

Respiration

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6
Q

What is each body segment in an insect called?

A

The head, the thorax, and the abdomen

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7
Q

What is the name of a body region that is composed of the thorax and the head put together?

A

The cephalothorax

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8
Q

Why do arthropods molt?

A

Because they need a new exoskeleton that better fits their growing bodies

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9
Q

What 5 characteristics set arachnids apart from the other arthropods?

A
  1. Book lungs
  2. Four simple eyes
  3. Four pairs of legs
  4. No antenna
  5. Two body segments
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10
Q

What 4 characteristics set insects apart from the other arthropods?

A
  1. Three pairs of legs
  2. Three body segments
  3. Wings
  4. One pair of antenna
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11
Q

What takes the place of a respiratory system in insects?

A

Branched networks of tracheas

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12
Q

In an echinoderm, what structure operates like a living suction cup?

A

The tube foot

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13
Q

Where does oxygen circulate around the body of a starfish?

A

The water vascular system

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14
Q

Oviparous

A

Organisms in which offspring develop in an egg hatched outside the mother’s body

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15
Q

Ovoviviparous

A

Organisms in which offspring develop in an egg hatched inside the mother’s body

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16
Q

Viviparous

A

Organisms in which offspring receive nutrients from the mother’s placenta

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17
Q

Optic lobes

A

Lobes of the brain receiving signals from eye receptors

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18
Q

Olfactory lobes

A

Lobes of the brain that receive signals from nasal receptors

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19
Q

Cerebellum

A

The lobe of the brain that controls involuntary actions and refines muscle movement

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20
Q

Cerebrum

A

Lobes of the brain that integrate sensory information and coordinate the creature’s response to that information

21
Q

Medulla Oblongata

A

Lobes of the brain that coordinate vital functions

22
Q

Arteries

A

Blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart

23
Q

Veins

A

Blood vessels that carry blood toward the heart

24
Q

Which has the most flexible skeleton, a shark, a frog, or a lion fish? Why?

A

The shark because it is a cartilaginous fish (has cartilage instead of bones)

25
Q

Placenta

A

A structure that allows an embryo to be nourished by the mother’s blood supply

26
Q

Gestation

A

The period of time during which an embryo develops before being born

27
Q

Fixed action pattern

A

An innate behavior, triggered by a stimulus, occurring as an unchangeable, uninterruptible sequence of actions

28
Q

Habituation

A

A learned behavior in which animals learn not to respond to repeated, unimportant stimuli

29
Q

Imprinting

A

A learned behavior that is usually irreversible and limited to a specific time period in an animal’s life

30
Q

Conditioning

A

A learned behavior in which either a stimulus or a response is linked to either a reward or a punishment

31
Q

A mammal lives in a cold climate and needs a lot of insulation. Will its guard hair or under hair be significantly thicker than the average mammal’s?

A

Underhair

32
Q

What is the critical or sensitive learning period?

A

The specific time period, only happening at a certain time in an animal’s life, in which the animal is imprinting on something.

33
Q

How is it possible for animals to communicate without having language?

A

They communicate with noises, smells, and outward movements

34
Q

Why do animals communicate?

A

To warn others of danger, to show where a food source is, for mating, and for territorial reasons

35
Q

What are the six common characteristics of amphibians?

A
  1. Endoskeleton made mostly of bone
  2. Smooth skin with many capillaries and pigments. They don’t have scales
  3. Usually have two pairs of limbs with webbed feet
  4. As many as four organs of respiration
  5. Three-chambered heart
  6. Oviparous with external fertilization
36
Q

What are the five characteristics that set reptiles apart from other vertebrates?

A
  1. Covered with tough, dry scales
  2. Ectothermic
  3. Breathe with lungs throughout their lives
  4. Three-chambered heart with a ventricle that is partially divided
  5. Produce amniotic eggs covered with a leathery shell, most oviparous, some ovoviviparous
37
Q

What are the four distinguishing features of chordates?

A
  1. A hollow, dorsal nerve cord
  2. A notochord
  3. Pharyngeal slits
  4. A tail that extends past the anus
38
Q

What are the four general characteristics of vertebrates?

A

They have
1. An endoskeleton
2. A closed circulatory system
3. A nervous system with a lobed brain
4. Individual male and female sexes

39
Q

What are the six common characteristic of birds?

A
  1. Endothermic
  2. Heart with four chambers
  3. Toothless bill
  4. Oviparous, laying an amniotic egg that is covered in a lime-containing shell
  5. Covered with feathers
  6. Skeleton composed of porous, lightweight bones (not a characteristic for all birds)
40
Q

What are the five common characteristics of mammals?

A
  1. Hair covering the skin
  2. Reproduce with internal fertilization and usually viviparous
  3. Nourish their young with milk secreted from specialized glands
  4. Four-chambered heart
  5. Endothermic
41
Q

Why do cnidarians not need respiratory or excretory systems?

A

Because their body walls are so thin that gases diffuse right through them

42
Q

What is the difference between the nematocysts of a hydra and those of a sea anemone?

A

Hydra nematocysts are triggered with pressure, while the sea anemone’s are triggered chemically

43
Q

If a flatworm has no complex nervous system or digestive systems, is it most likely free-living or parasitic?

A

Parasitic

44
Q

What are the five common characteristics among the arthropods?

A
  1. Exoskeleton
  2. Body segmentation
  3. Jointed appendages
  4. Open circulatory system
  5. A ventral nervous system
45
Q

What are the three basic types of webs that spiders spin (plus description)?

A

Sheet webs (a single, flat sheet of sticky silk), tangle webs (no discernible pattern), and orb webs (consists of concentric circles of sticky silk that are supported by “spokes” of non-sticky silk).

46
Q

Why are spider’s lungs called book lungs?

A

Because the lung has many thin layers that look like the pages of a book

47
Q

What four types of wings exist among insects (plus description)?

A

Membranous wings (thin, transparent wings with a detailed network of veins), scaled wings (wings with delicate scales that cover it), leather-like wings (wings that look like a part of the exoskeleton), and horny wings (wings that cover the membranous wings and almost the entire insect)

48
Q

What are the names of the two sides of a starfish?

A

The oral side (the bottom side with the mouth) and the aboral side (the top side with the anus)

49
Q

What are the four functions of the water vascular system in a starfish?

A

Respiration, circulation, locomotion, and feeding

Biology (20 decks)

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