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Biology > Module 3 > Flashcards

Module 3 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

The study of the interactions between living and non living things

A

Ecology

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2
Q

A group of interbreeding organisms coexisting together

A

Population

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3
Q

A group of populations living and interacting in the same area

A

Community

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4
Q

An association of living organisms and their physical environment

A

Ecosystem

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5
Q

A group of ecosystems classified by climate and plant life

A

Biome

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6
Q

The sum of all of earth’s ecosystems in land, water, and air

A

Biosphere

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7
Q

A unit of one or more populations of individuals that can reproduce under normal conditions, produce fertile offspring, and are reproductively isolated from other such units

A

Species

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8
Q

Any living part of an environment

A

Biotic factors

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9
Q

The nonliving physical and chemical conditions affecting organisms

A

Abiotic factors

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10
Q

Organisms that produce their own food

A

Producers

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11
Q

Organisms that eat living producers and/or other consumers for food

A

Consumers

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12
Q

Organisms that break down the dead remains of other organisms

A

Decomposers

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13
Q

An organism that eats producers

A

Primary consumer

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14
Q

An organism that eats primary consumers

A

Secondary consumer

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15
Q

An organism that eats secondary consumer

A

Tertiary consumers

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16
Q

An organism that eats tertiary consumers

A

Quaternary consumer

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17
Q

A series of steps in which organisms transfer energy by eating and being eaten

A

Food chain

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18
Q

Links all the food chains in an ecosystem together

A

Food web

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19
Q

A measure of the total amount of living tissue of organisms within a trophic level in a ecosystem

A

Biomass

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20
Q

Rate at which producers in an ecosystem build biomass

A

Primary productivity

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21
Q

Pyramid-shaped diagrams that show the amount of energy or matter at each trophic level in an ecosystem

A

Ecological pyramid

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22
Q

Evaporation of water from the leaves of a plant

A

Transpiration

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23
Q

The process by which certain gases (principally water vapor, carbon dioxide, and methane) trap heat that would otherwise escape the earth and radiate into space

A

Greenhouse effect

24
Q

A close relationship between two or more species where at least one benefits

A

Symbiosis

25
Q

The specific environment of an organism, both biotic and abiotic

A

Habitat

26
Q

An organism’s role in its ecosystem, including habitat, physical requirements (such as light, water, food sources), the time of day it is active, its place on the food chain, and when and how it reproduces

A

Niche

27
Q

A relationship between two or more organisms of different species where all benefit from the association

A

Mutualism

28
Q

A relationship between two organisms of different species where one benefits and the other is neither harmed not benefited

A

Commensalism

29
Q

A relationship between two organisms of different species where one benefits and the other is harmed

A

Parasitism

30
Q

Population growth that is unhindering because of the abundance of resources for an ever-increasing population

A

Exponential growth

31
Q

Population growth that is controlled by limited resources or the presence of predators or both

A

Logistic growth

32
Q

Ecosystem

A

All the biotic and abiotic factors in a marsh form a(n) _________.

33
Q

So that the United States won’t have an abundant amount of the insect, causing disorder in food webs and ecosystems

A

When fruits or vegetables are imported into the United States from a foreign country, they are always very closely inspected for insects, even though most insects are not really harmful. Why is the inspection done?

34
Q

It transports nutrients within an ecosystem and even from one ecosystem to another

A

What does the water cycle accomplish besides balancing the water in an ecosystem?

35
Q

Respiration

A

What is the principal means by which oxygen is taken from the air?

36
Q

Photosynthesis

A

What is the principal means by which oxygen is restored to the air?

37
Q

Fire, rusting metals and minerals, and ozone

A

Name the other ways that oxygen is removed from the air

38
Q

Water vapor destruction and ozone

A

Name the other ways that oxygen is replenished in the air

39
Q

By photosynthesis and dissolving in the ocean

A

Name the ways in which carbon dioxide is removed from the air

40
Q

Respiration, volcanoes, decomposition of organic material, and combustion

A

Name the ways in which carbon dioxide is replenished in the air

41
Q

It is the process of converting nitrogen gas into chemically active molecules.

A

What is nitrogen fixation?

42
Q

Nitrogen-fixing and nitrifying bacteria

A

What type of organisms perform nitrogen fixation?

43
Q

By denitrification. Denitrifying bacteria

A

How does nitrogen get back into the atmosphere? What type of organisms do that?

44
Q

It is found in rocks and is released through erosion and weathering

A

Where is phosphorus found and how is it released?

45
Q

Succession

A

Natural disturbances, such as fires or volcanic eruptions, can result in __________.

46
Q

Geographic distribution

A

The range or area occupied by a population is its __________ ____________.

47
Q

Carrying capacity

A

The maximum number of organisms of a particular species that can be supported by an environment is called ________ ________.

48
Q

Tropical rainforests, chaparrals, savannas, deserts, temperate grasslands, tundras, temperate deciduous forests, and taigas

A

What are the 8 main types of terrestrial biomes?

49
Q

Oceans, coral reefs, estuaries, standing water biomes, running water biomes, and wetlands
|_____________________________||_____________________________________________________________|
Marine Freshwater

A

What are the 6 main types of aquatic biomes?

50
Q

Energy pyramid, biomass pyramid, and pyramid of numbers

A

What are the 3 different types of ecological pyramids?

51
Q

Population density, growth rate, and geographic distribution

A

What 3 characteristics do ecologists use to describe populations?

52
Q

Shows the energy loss from one tropic level to the next

A

Energy pyramids…

53
Q

Depicts the biomass in each tropic level in an ecosystem

A

Biomass pyramid…

54
Q

Indicates the number of individual organisms at each trophic level

A

Pyramid of numbers…

55
Q

Primary succession is when life grows from disturbances like lava hardening
Secondary succession is when life returns after a disturbance

A

What is the difference between primary succession and secondary succession?

56
Q

Competition, predation, and symbiosis

A

What are the 3 types of community interactions?

Biology (20 decks)

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