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Biology > Module 14 > Flashcards

Module 14 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Exoskeleton

A

A body covering, typically made of chitin, that provides support and protection

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2
Q

Molt

A

To shed an old outer covering so that it can be replaced with a new one

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3
Q

Thorax

A

The body region between the head and the abdomen

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4
Q

Abdomen

A

The body region posterior to the thorax

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5
Q

Cephalothorax

A

A body region composed of the head and thorax fused together

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6
Q

Compound eye

A

An eye made of many lenses, each with a very limited scope

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7
Q

Simple eye

A

An eye with only one lens

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8
Q

Statocyst

A

The organ of balance in a crustacean

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9
Q

Gonad

A

A general term for the organ that produces gametes

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10
Q

Complete metamorphosis

A

Insect development consisting of four stages: egg, larva, pupa, and adult

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11
Q

Incomplete metamorphosis

A

Insect development consisting of three stages: egg, nymph, and adult

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12
Q

What are the five common characteristics among the arthropods?

A
  1. Exoskeleton
  2. Body segmentation
  3. Jointed appendages
  4. Open circulatory system
  5. A ventral nervous system
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13
Q

Explain the flow of blood in a crayfish, starting from the pericardial sinus

A

The blood collects in the pericardial sinus and then proceeds into the heart. The heart pumps the blood through open-ended blood vessels that dump the blood onto the tissues. It then collects in the sternal sinus and is picked up by vessels that take it to the gills to absorb oxygen and get rid of carbon dioxide. The blood also gets cleaned in the green glands and then goes back to the pericardial sinus to start the process all over again

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14
Q

What purpose does the green gland serve?

A

It cleans the blood of impurities

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15
Q

What structures (besides the gills and gill chamber) are vitally important for respiration in a crayfish?

A

The swimmerets and maxillae are important. Without them, fresh, oxygen-rich water would not enter the gill chambers

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16
Q

What happens when a crayfish loses a limb?

A

The injury gets sealed off to prevent bleeding, and then a new limb regenerates

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17
Q

Where do the fertilized eggs of a crayfish go?

A

To the swimmerets

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18
Q

Why do arthropods molt?

A

Because their exoskeletons get too small for their growing bodies

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19
Q

What two appendages are responsible for touch and taste in a crayfish?

A

The antennules and antennae are responsible for taste and touch

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20
Q

What five characteristics set arachnids apart from other arthropods?

A

Arachnids have:
1. Four pairs of walking legs
2. Two segments in the body
3. No antennae
4. Book lungs
5. Four pairs of simple eyes

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21
Q

What are the three basic types of webs that spiders spin (plus description)?

A

Sheet webs (a single, flat sheet of sticky silk), tangle webs (no discernible pattern), and orb webs (consists of concentric circles of sticky silk that are supported by “spokes” of non-sticky silk).

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22
Q

Do all spiders use their silk to spin webs?

A

No, some spiders spin silk to make trap doors, and some even fire their silk like a projectile

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23
Q

Why are spider’s lungs called book lungs?

A

Because the lung has many thin layers that look like the pages of a book

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24
Q

What four characteristics set insects apart from other arthropods?

A

Insects have:
1. Three pairs of walking (or jumping) legs
2. Wings
3. Three segments in body
4. One pair of antennae

25
Q

Why don’t insects have respiratory systems?

A

Because they have a complex network of tracheas that allow air to travel throughout the body

26
Q

If an insect goes through a pupa stage, does it perform complete metamorphosis or incomplete metamorphosis?

A

The pupa stage only exists in complete metamorphosis

27
Q

What four types of wings exist among insects (plus description)?

A

Membranous wings (thin, transparent wings with a detailed network of veins), scaled wings (wings with delicate scales that cover it), leather-like wings (wings that look like a part of the exoskeleton), and horny wings (wings that cover the membranous wings and almost the entire insect)

28
Q

What system does the tube feet in starfish function in?

A

Water vascular system

29
Q

What are the four functions of the water vascular system in a starfish?

A

Respiration, circulation, locomotion, and feeding

30
Q

What order are insects with two leather-like wings and two membranous wings in?

A

Orthoptera

31
Q

What order are insects that are social with membranous wings in?

A

Hymenoptera

32
Q

What order are insects with two membranous wings and two membranous balancers?

A

Diptera

33
Q

What order are insects with two horny wings and two membranous wings?

A

Coleoptera

34
Q

What order are insects with scaled wings in?

A

Lepidoptera

35
Q

What insects are in order Orthoptera?

A

Grasshoppers and crickets

36
Q

What insects are in order Hymenoptera?

A

Ants, bees, and wasps

37
Q

What insects are in order Diptera?

A

Flies, gnats, and mosquitoes

38
Q

What insects are in order Coleoptera?

A

Beetles

39
Q

What insects are in order Lepidoptera?

A

Butterflies and moths

40
Q

What is unique about the bombardier beetle?

A

It mixes two chemicals together in its tail which results in a extremely hot steam (about 200 ºF) that shoots out of the tail and onto predators

41
Q

What does the word Arthropoda mean?

A

It means “joint-footed”

42
Q

What class under phylum Arthropoda contains crayfish, lobsters, and roly-polies and contains the largest arthropods?

A

Class Crustacea

43
Q

What class under phylum Arthropoda contains spiders?

A

Class Arachnida

44
Q

What class under phylum Arthropoda contains centipedes and millipedes?

A

Class Chilopoda and Diplopoda respectively

45
Q

What class under phylum Arthropoda contains insects?

A

Class Insecta

46
Q

What phylum contains starfish, sea urchins, sand dollars, and sea cucumbers?

A

Phylum Echinodermata

47
Q

What are the names of the two sides of a starfish?

A

The oral side (the bottom side with the mouth) and the aboral side (the top side with the anus)

48
Q

What four things do all echinoderms have?

A
  1. Spiny skeleton
  2. Exoskeleton
  3. Water vascular system
  4. Tube feet
49
Q

What two appendages form the flipper-shaped tail used for swimming in a crayfish?

A

Uropods and telson

50
Q

What is the name of the crayfish’s claws?

A

The chelipeds

51
Q

What are some differences between centipedes and millipedes?

A

Millipedes are rounded, docile creatures with short, fuzzy antenna and two pairs of legs on each segment. Centipedes are flat, vicious predators with longer antennae and one pair of legs on each segment

52
Q

In place of the green glands, what do insects have to clean the blood of impurities?

A

Malpighian tubules

53
Q

What is the gastric ceca?

A

An organ in insects that produces digestive enzymes

54
Q

What are tracheas?

A

Tubes that allow oxygen to go through the insect

55
Q

What are mandibles designed for?

A

Chewing/breaking down food

56
Q

If an insect goes through a nymph stage, does it perform in complete dominance or incomplete dominance?

A

The nymph stage is only in incomplete dominance

57
Q

What is the cavity that pumps blood and contains the heart?

A

Pericardial sinus

58
Q

What is the cavity that soaks up all of the blood after they come in contact with the tissue and sends it back up?

A

Sternal sinus

Biology (20 decks)

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