Purcom 2 Flashcards
a Canadian media and communication theorist, coined the term “Global Village” in the year 1964 to describe the phenomenon of the world’s culture shrinking and expanding at the same time due to persuasive technological advances
that allow instantaneous sharing of culture.
Herbert Marshall McLuhan,
the patterns of learned and shared
behavior and beliefs of a particular social,
ethnic, or age group.
CULTURE
*Learned through active teaching, and passive habits.
* Shared meaning that defines a group and meets common needs.
* Patterned meaning of similar ideas.
* Adaptive which helps individuals meet needs across variable
environments.
* Symbolic which means that there are simple and arbitrary signs
that represent something else, something more.
CULTURE
FIVE COMPONENTS
OF CULTURE
Symbols
Language
Values
Beliefs
Norms
Thing that represent something
else, especially a material object
representing something abstract.
Either physical or non-physical.
Symbol
Used for communication, Written and spoken. When a culture uses the same basic dialect as
another culture, differences
in terminology and inflection
create new meanings.
Language
Acceptable behavior within
the society and Different for each group to which a person belongs
Values
Fulfill the spiritual needs
of a culture and A whole culture can be based on one set of
beliefs, yet a larger cultural group may have many different sets of what?
Belief
Rules, mores, and traditions within a culture and As a group develops laws and regulations, norms change. Traditions are norms that a culture holds onto once the norms are no
longer common
Norms
FIVE CHARACTERISTICS
OF CULTURE
Learned
Shared
Based on Symbols
Integrated
Dynamic
It is not biological; we do not inherit it and We learn culture from families, peers,
institutions, and media.
Culture is learned
Because we share culture with other members of our group, we are able to act in socially appropriate ways as well as predict how others
will act
Culture is shared
A culture is base on something that stands for something else and vary cross-culturally and are arbitrary.
Culture is base on symbol
This is known as Holism, or the various parts of a culture being interconnected and All aspects of a culture are related to one another and to truly understand a culture, one must learn about all of its parts, not only a few.
Culture is integrated
Cultures interact and change because most cultures are in contact with other cultures,
they exchange ideas and symbols.
Culture is dynamic
It is an ongoing process where you experience new cultures, learn new developments for yourself, and discover new abilities that may help develop your confidence.
Adaptation to new cultures
A person experiences
ignorance and unfamiliarity
to the way of living after immigration because of the new culture.
Culture shock
FOUR STAGES OF
CULTURE SHOCK
Honeymoon Phase
Negotiation Phase
Adjustment Phase
Reverse Culture Shock
Newly arrived and excited
about the new surroundings. They are very positive about
their relocation and the newness
of the place.
Honeymoon Phase
You can experience homesickness, when you do the things that you are not familiar with.
Negotiation Phase
It may increase the ego
of someone suffering from
severe culture shock.
Stereotype
THREE MAIN TYPES
OF REACTION
Rejecters
Adopters
Cosmopolitans
People try to separate
themselves from others.
They return to their homes
because it’s the only way
they would feel the same harmony of the environment
they are already familiar with.
Rejecters
Some people tend to embrace
the new culture. They adapt well,
while being molded into a transformed and new identity
as they decide to stay
Adopters
People manage to adapt
the new culture positively
while keeping their original
identity
Cosmopolitans
People will also adjust
to their old ways. Going back
to your old culture after adjusting well to a new culture will also be challenging
Reverse Culture Shock
6 to 12 months. People usually
begin to grow because they know
what to expect from their
surroundings. Doing the same
thing everyday becomes a routine.
Adjustment Phase
FIVE TIPS TO COUNTER
CULTURE SHOCK
Learn the language
Prepare for cultural differences
Be open-minded
Be patient
Take time-off
Learning the national dialect spoken in your adopted country
will help you communicate,
and reduce the effects
of culture shock and misunderstanding.
Learn the language
The more you know about the culture of your host country, the more prepared you will be for a different way of life, and the
easier it will be for you to cope with new ideas and experiences.
Prepare for cultural differences
Be open to accepting cultural differences and alternative ways of doing things.
Be open-minded
allow yourself to make mistakes and learn from them as you go along.
Be patient
Taking a break from all that is unfamiliar helps
Take time-off
involves the integrated and maintained system of socially acquired values, beliefs,
and rules of conduct
CULTURE DIFFERENCES
People define themselves in terms of ‘I’ and their unique attributes. Autonomy and independent thoughts are valued and the interests and goals of the individual prevail over group welfare. Personal attitudes and needs are important determinants of behavior. Ties between members are loose.
Individualistic societies
People define themselves in terms of ‘we’ and their group
memberships. Members are integrated into strong, cohesive ingroups. Social interdependence and collective harmony are valued.
Collectivistic Societies
Biological constraints in childbearing have long dictated
societal norms about the roles of men and women in many societies.
Gender Egalitarianism
Cultures with a Future Orientation have a strong tendency and willingness to imagine future possibilities. Members set long-term goals, develop plans, work hard and persevere to achieve their ambitions.
Orientation time
Societies with low Gender Egalitarianism typically display
high Assertiveness.
Assertiveness
stresses fitting into the world as it is. Members focus on appreciating and understanding the world rather than trying to change, direct, or exploit it.
Being Orientation
encourages self-assertion to master, direct, and change the natural and social environment to
achieve group or individual goals.
Doing Orientation
KINDS OF RESPONSES
Avoiding
Accommodating
Forcing
Educating - Persuading
Negotiating - Compromising
Collaboration Problem Solving
We refuse to comply or do
business in cultures that
operate according to
ethical principles that differ from ours.
Avoiding
We can accept the different
ethical system and conform
to practices different from ours.
Accommodating
We can try to convince the
people with whom we want
to do business on why our
ethical principle is more
appropriate.
.
Educating - Persuading
We can insist on doing
business in a way we
believe is ethically proper.
Forcing
We and the other party
can each give up something
to negotiate a settlement.
Negotiating - Compromising
We can work with the other party to face the problem directly and
reach a mutually satisfying solution.
Collaboration Problem Solving
