pulses, JVP and valve causes

Question 1

collapsing pulse description

Answer 1

tall upstroke and then fall away

wide pulse pressure

Question 2

collapsing pulse

Answer 2

aortic regurgitation and incompetence

Question 3

bounding plse

Answer 3

acute CO2 retention, hepatic failure and sepsis

Question 4

jerky pulse

Answer 4

HOC and mitral regurgitation

Question 5

pulsus bisferiens

Answer 5

mixed aortic valve disease and HOC

Question 6

what is seen in HOC

Answer 6

jerky pulse and pulsus bisferiens

Question 7

pulsus paradoxus is

Answer 7

DECREASE in BP with inspiration

Question 8

what is pulsus paradoxus and kussmual signs seen in

Answer 8

constrictive pericarditis and cardiac tamponade

Question 9

kussmaul sign

Answer 9

RISE in JVP on inspiration

Question 10

causes of MR

Answer 10

papillary muscle or chorae tendinae rupture

annular dilattaion

leaflet - rheumatic, endocarditis or myoxmatous

Question 11

causes of AS

Answer 11

age

congenital eg bicuspid valve

rheumatic

Question 12

cause of MS

Answer 12

rheumatic heart disease

Question 13

cause of AR

Answer 13

annulus - marfans and aortic dissection

leaflet - rheumatic, connective tissue or endocaridits (most common)

Question 14

tricupsid regurgitation

Answer 14

large JVP V waves

pansystolic at lower left sternal edge

Question 15

raised fixed JVP

Answer 15

SVC obstruction

Question 16

absent a waves - JVP

Answer 16

AF

Question 17

cannon a waves JVP

Answer 17

complete heart block, AV dissociation and ventricular arrhythmias

Question 18

JVP a wavew

Answer 18

atrial contraction

Question 19

JVP c wave

Answer 19

tricuspid valve bulging into atrium in ventricular contraction

Question 20

JVP v wave

Answer 20

rise of atrial pressure during filling

Question 21

what is s4 heard in

Answer 21

HOM and hypertension