hypertension Flashcards
what is white coat hypertension
spike in BP when it is measured at the doctors
what is masked hypertension
normal BP in the clinic but elevated BP out of clinic
does BP have diurinal variation
yes
when would you prescribe a Ca channel blocker first
> 55
black african or caribbean
effect of high BP on the brain
stroke - causes cerebral haemorrhage
effect of high BP on eyes
impaired vision - hypertensive retinopathy
retinal arterioles may become occluded or leak - oedema, haemorrhages, infarcts, microaneurysms
what is optic neuropathy
oedema of the optic disc - papilloedema
associated with flame haemorrhages
grade IV retinopathy
what is retinal vein thrombosis often followed by
glaucoma - inc intraocular pressure
effect of high BP on kidneys
narrowing and thickening of renal arteries
filter less fluid - nitrogenous waste builds up in the body
effect of inc BP on the atrial tree
internal elastic lamina thickening and SM hypertrophy and fibrosis
smaller arteries show hyaline sclerosis which narrows the lumen
when to suspect 2y hypertension
young patients with acute onset
what is 2y hypertension often due to
history of renal or endocrine cause
what is conn’s syndrome
excess aldosterone
what is cushing’s syndrome
excess corticosteroid
what is phaecromocytoma
excess noradrenaline
