murmurs

Question 1

large JVP v waves

Answer 1

tricuspid regurgitation

Question 2

aortic stenosis

Answer 2

ejection systolic
low volume slow rising pulse
heaving apex

Question 3

aortic stenosis radiation

Answer 3

carotids

Question 4

what is heard in aortic stenosis

Answer 4

ejection click

Question 5

aortic stenosis causes

Answer 5

acquired calcification
rheumatic
congenital

Question 6

what are the congenital causes of aortic stenosis

Answer 6

bicuspid or unicuspid valve - damage quicker

Question 7

what is the cause of valve calcification in AS

Answer 7

prolonged mechanical stress - age

Question 8

AS CF

Answer 8

angina

exercise associated syncope - dec exercise tolerance

Question 9

AR

Answer 9

collapsing pulse
displace heaving apex
early diastolic murmur

Question 10

AS second heart sound

Answer 10

soft

Question 11

AR causes

Answer 11

rheumatic disease
infective endocarditis
congenital malformations eg bicuspid valve

Question 12

what may AR occasinally cause in the head and nails

Answer 12

head bobbing and nail pulsation

Question 13

MS S1

Answer 13

loud

Question 14

MR S1

Answer 14

soft

Question 15

MS

Answer 15

small volume pulse
rumbling diastolic murmur
tapping apex beat
opening snap

Question 16

what is a cause of malar flush

Answer 16

MS

Question 17

MS CF

Answer 17

dyspnoea on exertion due to pulmonary congestion

can be haemoptysis, palpitations or stroke

Question 18

MR

Answer 18

pan systolic
small volume irregular pulse
displaced apex beat

Question 19

where does MR radiate

Answer 19

axilla

Question 20

what is the progression in murmurs of rheumatic heart disease

Answer 20

early - MR

late - MS

Question 21

what is MR usually due to

Answer 21

endocarditis
ruptured chordae tendinae
papillary muscle rupture