Pericardial Diseases Flashcards
1
Q
pericarditis
A
inflammation of the pericardium
2
Q
what does pericarditis often occur with
A
myocarditis
3
Q
aetiology of pericarditis
A
- viral (coxsackie, EBV, flu, VZV, HIV)
- bacteria (pneumonia, rheumatic fever, TB, staphs and streps)
- fungi
- MI
- drugs
- others eg systemic autoimmune (rheumatoid arthritis)
4
Q
how soon after an MI does pericarditis occur
A
1-3 days
5
Q
clinical presentation of pericarditis
A
- central chest pain that is relieved by sistting up and leaning forward, and made worse by inspiration (pleuritic) and lying down
- fever
- pericardial friction rub
- non productive cough
6
Q
heart sounds in pericarditis
A
third heart sound present - pericardial knock
7
Q
JVP: Kussmaul’s sign positive
A
JVP rises on inspiration
8
Q
- Acute pericarditis: pleuritic central chest pain following a viral illness. Worse when lying down.
A
pericarditis
9
Q
- man with history of TB present with dyspnoea and fainting. Elevated JVP, loud S3 and Kussmaul’s sign. Hepatomegaly and splenomegaly noticed.
A
chronic pericarditis
10
Q
ECG investigation of pericarditis
A
saddle shaped ST elevation
11
Q
what investigation should be done for suspected pericadial effusion?
A
ECHO
12
Q
treatment of pericarditis
A
analgesia (eg NSAIDs)
and treat cause
13
Q
complications of pericarditis
A
cardiac tamponade
Dressler’s
14
Q
Dressler’s syndrome
A
- rare autoimmune condition thought to be caused by myocardial injury stimulating formation of autoantobodies against heart muscle
- recurrent pericarditis (fever and pleuritic pain), pleural effusions and anaemia 1-3 weeks post MI
15
Q
treatment of Dressler’s syndrome
A
analgesia eg NSAIDs and steroids if severe
19
Q
presentation of aortic dissection
A
- acute severe ripping chest pain that radiates to the back
- patient will be in sinus tachycardia due to hypovolaemic shock
- radial-radial or radial-femoral delay
- can cause cardiac tamponade
