Pulmonary Misc Flashcards
These are considered the principal muscles of inspiration
Diaphragm
External intercostals
Contraction of the diaphragm causes this
Chest expansion (longitudinal) Lower rib elevation
Orientation of external intercostals
Oblique: upward and backward
from upper border of one rib to the lower border of rib above
Orientation of internal intercostals
Obliquely upward and forward
From upper border of one rib to the lower border of the rib above
Contraction of the external and internal intercostals together causes:
Rib elevation
Upward movement of the (upper/lower) ribs increases the AP diameter of the chest
Upper
Upward movement of the (upper/lower) ribs increases the transverse diameter of the chest
Lower
During quiet breathing, exhalation results from
Passive recoil of the lungs and ribcage
During forceful breathing, these are the involved muscles
Rectus abdominis
EO
IO
Transverse abdominis
(Depress the lower ribs and compress the abdominal contents, pushing up the diaphragm and assisting with active exhalation)
Components of the upper respiratory tract
Nasal cavity
Pharynx
Larynx
Components of the pharynx
Nasopharynx
Oropharynx
Laryngopharynx
Functions of upper respiratory tract
Humidify, cool, or warm inspired air
Filter foreign matter
Gas conduits
Lower respiratory tract
Extends from the larynx to the alveoli
Consists of conducting airways and terminal respiratory units
How many times do the airways divide between the trachea and the alveoli?
~23 times
How many lobes does the R lung have?
3
What are the lobes of the R lung?
Upper
Middle
Lower
How many lobes does the L lung have?
2
What are the lobes of the L lung?
Upper
Lower
Where is the lingula located?
left upper lobe
main bronchi branch into
Lobar bronchi
Lobar bronchi branch into
Segmental bronchi
How do the lungs themselves get blood supply?
Via bronchial arteries, which drain into the bronchial veins
Parasympathetic innervation of smooth muscle of the bronchi and pulmonary blood vessels is by:
Vagus nerve
How do the nerves to the lungs reach the pulmonary vessels and lung tissue?
Anterior and posterior pulmonary plexuses
How do central chemoreceptors in the medulla and peripheral chemoreceptors in the carotid bodies respond to increases in partial pressures of CO2 and hydrogen ion?
Increasing ventilation
ERV makes up approximately ___% of total lung volume
15%
FRC is approximately __% of total lung volume
40%
Inspiratory capacity makes up approximately __% of total lung volume
60%
Inspiratory reserve volume (IRV) makes up approximately __% of total lung volume
50%
Residual volume (RV) makes up approximately __% of total lung volume
25%
Tidal volume makes up approximately ___% of total lung volume
10%
Vital capacity (VC) makes up approximately ___ % of total lung volume
75%
The majority of carbon dioxide transported in the blood as
Bicarbonate ions
