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NPTE Study: Cardiopulmonary > Cardio Pharmacology > Flashcards

Cardio Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

Action: alpha adrenergic antagonist agents

A
  • dilation of arterioles and veins

- decreases BP

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2
Q

Alpha adrenergic antagonist agents: PT implications

A

Risk of dizziness/orthostatic hypotension

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3
Q

Action: angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors

A

Decrease BP

Decrease afterload

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4
Q

ACE inhibitors: PT implications

A
  • Risk of dizziness/fainting from hypotension
  • Avoid sudden changes in posture
  • pts with heart failure should avoid rapid increases in physical activity
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5
Q

Angiotensin II receptor antagonist agents: implications for PT

A

Minimal

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6
Q

4 classes of antiarrhythmic agents

A

Class I: sodium channel blockers
Class II: beta blockers
Class III: prolong repolarization
Class IV: calcium channel blockers

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7
Q

These are often considered the most effective antiarrhythmic agent

A

Class III

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8
Q

Action: sodium channel blockers

A

Control cardiac excitation and conduction

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9
Q

Action: beta blockers

A

Inhibit sympathetic activity

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10
Q

Action: Class III antiarrhythmic agents

A

Prolong repolarization by inhibitin potassium and sodium channels

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11
Q

Action: calcium channel blockers

A

Depress depolarization and slow conduction through AV node

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12
Q

Antiarrhythmic agents: implications for PT

A

Encourage regular dosing schedule, immediately report adverse rxns to HC professional

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13
Q

Action: anticoagulant and antithrombotic agents

A

Inhibit platelet aggregation and thrombus formation

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14
Q

Anticoagulant and antithrombotic agents: PT implications

A

Be careful to avoid injury 2/2 risk of excessive bleeding or bruising

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15
Q

Most common type of antihyperlipidemia agents

A

Statins

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16
Q

Action: statins

A
  • Inhibit enzyme action in cholesterol synthesis
  • Break down LDL
  • decrease triglycerides
  • Increase HDL
17
Q

Antihyperlipidemia agents: PT implications

A

Aerobic exercise can increase HDL and maximize effects of drug therapy

18
Q

Action: beta blockers

A

Decrease HR

Decrease contractility

19
Q

Beta blocker agents: PT implications

A
  • HR and BP response to exercise diminished

- Increased risk for orthostatic hypotension

20
Q

Action: calcium channel blocker agents

A

Decrease myocardial contraction, vasodilation

Decrease oxygen demand of the heart

21
Q

Calcium channel blocker agents: PT implications

A
  • Diminished HR and BP response to exercise

- Observe for s/s of CHF

22
Q

S/s CHF for a pt on calcium channel blockers

A
  • worsening peripheral edema
  • dyspnea
  • weight gain
23
Q

Actions: diuretics

A
  • Increase secretion of sodium in urine

- Reduces plasma volume

24
Q

Diuretics: What happens to BP with a reduction in plasma volume?

A

Decreases

25
Q

Diuretics: PT implications

A
  • Decreased BP increase risk of dizziness/falls with positional changes
  • monitor for s/s of electrolyte imbalance and muscle weakness/cramping
26
Q

Action: nitrates

A

Decrease ischemia (smooth muscle releaxation and dilation of peripheral vessels)

27
Q

Sublingual administration of nitroglycerin is the preferred method to treat

A

Acute angina attack

28
Q

Nitrates: PT implications

A

Instruct pt to stand slowly to minimize risk of orthostatic hypotension

29
Q

Positive inotropic agents: actions

A
  • Increase force and velocity of contraction
  • Slow HR
  • Decrease conduction velocity through AV node
  • Decrease sympathetic activation
30
Q

Uses for positive inotropic agents

A
  • heart failure

- atrial fibrillation

31
Q

Action: thrombolytic agents

A

Facilitate clot dissolution

32
Q

Thrombolytic agents: PT implications

A

Avoid trauma due to altered clotting activity

NPTE Study: Cardiopulmonary (23 decks)

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