PT Tests And Measures Flashcards
ABI is used for:
Check for PAD
How to perform ABI
Divide higher of two systolic BP measurements in the ANKLES by the higher of two systolic BP measurements in the ARMS
ABI ≥ 1.30
- Rigid arteries
- Needs US test to check for PAD
ABI 1.0-1.30
Normal, no blockage
ABI 0.8-0.99
- Mild blockage
- Beginnings of PAD
ABI 0.4-0.79
- Moderate blockage
- May be associated with INTERMITTENT CLAUDICATION during exercise
ABI less than 0.4
- Severe blockage
- Suggests PAD
- May have claudication at rest
SBP sound
First appearance of clear tapping sounds
DBP sounds
Sounds disappear completely
Pressure at last audible sound
Where do Korotkoff sounds (sounds heard when taking BP) come from?
Turbulent flow and oscillations of the arterial wall
Normal BP for children 3-17
SBP and DBP less than 90th percentile
Prehypertension in children
SBP or DBP ≥ 90th percentile to 95th percentile
4 areas to auscultate
- Aortic area
- Pulmonic area
- Mitral area
- Tricuspid area
Auscultation: aortic area
2nd intercostal space at R sternal border
Auscultation: Pulmonic area
2nd intercostal space at L sternal border
Auscultation: Mitral area
5th intercostal space medial to L midclavicular line
Auscultation: tricuspid area
4th intercostal space at L sternal border
S1 heart sound corresponds with
Closure of the AV valves at onset of ventricular systole
S2 heart sound corresponds with
Closure of aortic and pulmonic valves (semilunar) at onset of ventricular diastole
LUB
S1
DUB
S2
What is an S3 heart sound?
Vibrations of the distended ventricle walls due to passive flow of blood from atria during diastole
When is S3 sound normal/abnormal?
- Normal in healthy young children
- Abnormal in adults and may be associated with heart failure
S3 sound is also called
Ventricular gallop
What is the S4 heart sound?
Pathological sound of vibration of the ventricular wall with ventricular filling and atrial contraction
S4 heart sound associated with
- HTN
- Stenosis
- Hypertensive heart disease
- MI
S4 sound AKA
Atrial gallop
