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NPTE Study: Cardiopulmonary > Cardio Anatomy Misc > Flashcards

Cardio Anatomy Misc Flashcards

1
Q

When does the tricuspid valve close?

A

When the RV contracts to pump blood through the pulmonary valve

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2
Q

When does the mitral valve close?

A

When the LV contracts to pump blood through the aortic valve

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3
Q

From where does oxygenated blood get distributed into coronary and systemic circulations?

A

Aorta

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4
Q

The coronary arteries are a network of progressively smaller vessels that carry oxygenated blood to the _________

A

Myocardium

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5
Q

From where do the R and L coronary arteries arise?

A

Ascending aorta (just beyond where the aorta leaves the LV)

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6
Q

Branches of the R coronary artery

A

Sinus node artery
R marginal artery
Posterior descending artery

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7
Q

Branches of the L coronary artery

A

Circumflex artery

L anterior descending artery

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8
Q

R atrium is supplied by this artery

A

Sinus node artery (R coronary artery)

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9
Q

R ventricle is supplied by this artery

A

R marginal artery (R coronary artery)

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10
Q

The inferior walls of both ventricles and the inferior portion of the IV septum are supplied by this artery

A

Posterior descending artery (R coronary artery)

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11
Q

The L atrium, posterior and lateral walls of the L ventricle, and anterior and inferior walls of the LV are supplied by this artery

A

Circumflex artery (L coronary artery)

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12
Q

The anterior portion of the IV septum is supplied by this artery

A

LAD (L coronary artery)

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13
Q

How does deoxygenated blood return from the coronary arteries?

A

Great cardiac vein & small and middle cardiac veins

coronary sinus

R atrium

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14
Q

These veins arise in the myocardium and drain into all chambers of the heart, but primarily into the R atrium and R ventricle

A

Thebesian veins

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15
Q

Cardiac conduction sequence

A 
SA node
Intermodal tracts
AV node
Common AV bundle (bundle of His)
R and L bundle branches
Purkinje fibers
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16
Q

Pacemaker of the heart

A

SA node

17
Q

In addition to the SA node, heart rate, rhythm, and contractility are also influenced by the ANS, namely these nerves

A

Vagus and sympathetic cardiac nerves (converge to form the cardiac plexus at the base of the heart)

18
Q

Sympathetic response achieved by release of these hormones

A

Epinephrine
Norepinephrine
(Heart beats faster and with greater force)

19
Q

Parasympathetic response achieved by release of these hormones

A

Acetylcholine from vagus nerve

Slows HR by influence on the SA node

20
Q

How does the Valsalva maneuver impact the circulatory system?

A
  • Increased intrathoracic pressure
  • Increased central venous pressure
  • Decreased venous return

(Resultant decrease in cardiac output and BP is sensed by baroreceptors which reflexively increase HR and myocardial contractility through sympathetic stimulation.)

21
Q

What happens once the glottis is opened again following the Valsalva maneuver?

A
  • Venous return increases
  • BP and heart contractility increases
  • Increase in BP is sensed by baroreceptors, which reflexively DECREASE the HR through parasympathetic efferent pathways
22
Q

Normal SV range

A

60-80 mL (depends on age, sex, and activity)

23
Q

Normal CO for an adult male at rest

A

4.5 to 5.0 L/min (women produce slightly less)

24
Q

CO can increase up to ____ L/min during exercise

A

25

25
Q

Normal blood volume for an adult

A

4.5-5.0 L (women’s volume slightly less than men’s)

26
Q

Causes of hypovolemia

A 
Bleeding
Dehydration from vomiting
Diarrhea
Sweating
Severe burns
Diuretic meds used to treat HTN
27
Q

S/s of hypovolemia

A

Orthostatic hypotension
Tachycardia
Elevated body temp

28
Q

Causes of hypervolemia

A

Excess intake of fluids (e.g. IV or blood transfusion)

Sodium or fluid retention (e.g. heart failure or kidney disease)

29
Q

S/s of hypervolemia

A

Swelling in legs
Ascites (fluid in abdomen)
Fluid in the lungs

30
Q

Plasma is important in these functions

A

Regulating BP and temperature

31
Q

5 main types of WBCs

A 
Neutrophils
Lymphocytes
Monocytes
Eosinophils
Basophils
32
Q

Types of lymphocytes

A

T-lymphocytes
Natural killer cells
B lymphocytes

NPTE Study: Cardiopulmonary (23 decks)

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