Cardio Pathology 3 Flashcards
When do most heart attacks occur?
When a ruptured atherosclerotic plaque or blood clot blocks the flow of blood through a coronary artery
Uncommon cause of MI
Spasm of a coronary artery
s/s of an MI
- chest discomfort with pressure
- squeezing or pain
- SOB
- discomfort in upper body including arms, shoulder, neck, or back
- nausea/vomiting
- dizziness
- sweating
- palpitations
Meds used to treat acute MI
- anticoagulants
- thrombocytes agents
- pain relievers
- antihypertensives
- cholesterol-lowering meds
MI: Women are more likely to have these s/s
SOB
Nausea/vomiting
Back or jaw pain
What is the typical cause of myocarditis?
Viral (flu, adenovirus)or bacterial infection (polio, rubella, Lyme disease)
What happens to the heart when the pericardium becomes inflamed?
Amount of fluid between the layers of the pericardium increases (effusion)
What typically causes pericarditis?
Usu a complication of viral infections (can be bacterial or fungal)
S/s pericarditis
- chest pain
- SOB
- anxiety
- fatigue
- fever
- DRY COUGH
Resolution of pericarditis
Most cases are mild and clear up on their own with rest and simple tx
Primary causes of PAD
Atherosclerosis
Thromboembolic processes
*alter the structure and function of the aorta and its branches
S/s of PAD
Fatigue, aching, numbness, or pain primarily in these areas
- buttock
- thigh
- calf
- foot
PAD: visual changes
- poorly healing wounds of LEs/feet
- distal hair loss
- tropic skin changes
- hypertrophic nails
Etiology of rheumatic fever
Bacteria that cause strep throat or scarlet fever
Streptococcus pyogenes
Symptoms of rheumatic fever arise from
Inflammation of the heart, joints, skin, or CNS
May include red, swollen, fever, painful joints, heart palpitations, chest pain, SOB, skin rash
