CAT Topics 2 Flashcards
R coronary artery primarily supplies
R atrium and ventricle
L coronary artery primarily supplies
L atrium and ventricle
CAD: These symptoms of partial occlusion are often the initial indicator of underlying pathology
- exertion-related SOB
- weakness
- angina pectoris
Primary HTN
No identifiable cause and develops slowly over time
Secondary HTN
Occurs as a result of underlying pathology
Systolic component of BP represents
Max pressure exerted as the heart contracts
Diastolic component of BP represents
Minimum pressure exerted when the heart is at rest
Pharmacological mgmt of HTN attempts to:
- decrease preload
- dilate peripheral vessels
- alter HR
Most common cause of atelectasis
Surgical anesthesia
reduces normal deep breathing and diminishes urge to cough
Atelectasis is typically diagnosed with
Chest X-ray
Cor pulmonale: occurs when R ventricle is unable to effectively pump blood due to
- pulmonary HTN
- increased R ventricular afterload
Causes of acute cor pulmonale
Pulmonary embolism
ARDS
Cor pulmonale is typically (acute/chronic)
Chronic
Most accurate method to confirm cor pulmonale
R cardiac catheterization
If a pneumothorax is large it can cause
Shift in position of the mediastinum
First imaging study to confirm pneumothorax
Chest x-ray
Pulmonary edema often occurs when the (R/L) ventricle is unable to adequately pump blood
L ventricle
With noncardiac pulmonary edema, what causes the fluid buildup?
Increased capillary permeability
Test used for PE
V/Q scan (ventilation/perfusion)
Nuclear imaging of inhaled and infective radioactive substances to visualize air and blood flow through the lungs and ID blockages
Respiratory acidosis: Hypoventilation prevents adequate removal of CO2 from body causing
Hypercapnia
As a result of acidosis and hypercapnia, what happens to bicarbonate levels in respiratory acidosis?
Decreased bicarbonate
With respiratory alkalosis, hyperventilation removes more CO2 from the body than can be produced causing
Hypocapnia
As a result of hypocapnia, what happens to hydrogen ions?
Decreased H+ ions » alkalosis
Sarcoidosis is thought to be the result of
Abnormal immune response to a foreign substance
Sarcoidosis is characterized by
Growth of small, abnormal collections of inflammatory cells, known as granulomas, within the body’s organs
Sarcoidosis typically affects any of the body’s organs, but most commonly affects the
Lungs
These tests may indicate sarcoidosis
Chest x-ray
Biopsy
Diagnosis of elimination
Lab tests to confirm respiratory acidosis/alkalosis
ABG
serum electrolytes
Urine pH
