Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

NPTE Study: Cardiopulmonary > CAT Topics 1 > Flashcards

CAT Topics 1 Flashcards

1
Q

CHF: impairment in cardiac output causes the body to compensate and results in an increase in

A
  • blood volume
  • cardiac filling pressure
  • heart rate
  • cardiac muscle mass
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

A pt with CHF will initially show signs of _____

A

Tachycardia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Left sided heart failure is generally associated with signs of _________ venous congestion

A

Pulmonary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

R sided heart failure is generally associated with signs of _______ venous congestion

A

Systemic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

CHF: Over time, fluid accumulation spreads and you get

A
  • ankle edema
  • congestive hepatomegaly
  • ascites
  • pleural effusion
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What medication issue do you have to watch out for with CHF?

A

Digitalis toxicity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Medical mgmt for CHF: types of drugs used

A
  • diuretics
  • nitrates
  • analgesics
  • ACE inhibitors
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

CHF: survival

A

3-5 years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How is cor pulmonale different from CHF?

A

Form of R sided heart failure, but is normally seen as a consequence of COPD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

With CF, there is an underlying impermeability of epithelial cells to _______

A

Chloride

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

The most consistent symptom to confirm CF is

A

The finding of high concentrations of sodium and chloride in the sweat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Sodium and chloride amounts greater than ___ mEq/l is a positive dx for CF

A

60

Standard value is 40

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

CF is (obstructive/restrictive)

A

Obstructive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

CF: Airway obstruction can lead to

A
  • pulmonary HTN
  • atelectasis
  • pneumonia
  • lung abscess
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

CF median age of death

A

35 years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Most common cause of death for CF pts

A

Respiratory failure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

3 Classifications of emphysema

A
  • centrilobular
  • panlobular
  • paraseptal
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Emphysema results from non-reversible injury and destruction of this protein within the alveolar walls

A

Elastin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Pockets of air that form between alveolar spaces

A

Blebs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Pockets of air that form within the lung parenchyma

A

Bullae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Centrilobular emphysema destroys _______, but _____ remain intact

A
  • bronchioles of upper lungs

- alveoli

22
Q

Panlobular emphysema destroys _____ and is usually found here

A
  • destroys air spaces of the acinus

- found in lower lungs

23
Q

Paraseptal emphysema destroys _______

A

Alveoli in lower lobes

24
Q

This type of emphysema results in blebs along the lung periphery

A

Paraseptal

25
Q

Characteristics of emphysema patients

A
  • Barrel chest, rounded shoulders
  • Rosy
  • Pursed lip breathing
26
Q

Emphysema: formation and rupture of bullae and blebs can lead to

A

Pneumothorax

27
Q

This is a serious complication that can occur with advanced emphysema

A

Cor pulmonale

28
Q

Emphysema: pharmacological mgmt

A
  • bronchodilators
  • mucolytics
  • anti-inflammatory agents
  • mast cell membrane stabilizers
  • antihistamines
29
Q

This type of MI involves the full thickness of the myocardium

A

Transmural

30
Q

This type of MI involves the subendocardial area (inner third of the myocardium)

A

Nontransmural

31
Q

3 zones that form concentric circles around the point of infarction

A
  • zone of infarct
  • zone of hypoxic injury
  • zone of ischemia
32
Q

Approximately ⅔ of patients experience prodromal symptoms days to weeks before an MI, including:

A
  • unstable angina
  • SOB
  • fatigue
33
Q

Primary tool to detect MI

A

12 lead ECT

34
Q

ECG: An inverted T wave indicates

A

Myocardial ischemia

35
Q

ECG: An elevated ST segment indicates

A

Acute infarction

36
Q

ECG: A depressed ST segment indicates

A

Pending subendocardial or transmural infarction

37
Q

Arrhythmias occur in 90% of pts post-MI and are caused by

A
  • ischemia
  • ANS impairment
  • electrolyte imbalance
  • conduction deficits
  • chemical imbalances
38
Q

This accounts for 90% of all cases of angina

A

CAD

39
Q

PVD aka

A

Arteriosclerosis obliterans

40
Q

Primary risk factor for developing PVD

A

Atherosclerosis

41
Q

During the early stages of PVD, this may be the only manifestation

A

Intermittent claudication

42
Q

It is fairly common for a pt with PVD to also have these dx’s

A
  • CAD

- DM

43
Q

PVD: these meds may be indicated due to increased risk for DVT

A

Anticoagulants
Antiplatelet agents
Thrombolytics

44
Q

Symptomatic PVD has a ____% risk of death within 5 years

A

30%

45
Q

Symptomatic PVD has a ____% risk of death within 10 years

A

50%

46
Q

Symptomatic PVD: death usually results from

A

MI or cerebrovascular disease

47
Q

Most likely clinical presentation for RLD

A

Decrease in lung volumes

48
Q

RLD: diagnostic testing for confirmation

A
  • chest radiograph

- ABG

49
Q

As RLD progresses, respiratory muscle fatigue will lead to

A
  • impaired alveolar ventilation

- CO2 retention

50
Q

What are complications and outcomes of advanced RLD?

A
  • Cor pulmonale
  • Hypoxemia
  • Pulmonary HTN
  • Severe decrease in oxygenation
  • Ventilatory failure

NPTE Study: Cardiopulmonary (23 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions