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My Library > psychology of aging exam 2 > Flashcards

psychology of aging exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

understanding variability in the happiness of people contrasted ____ reductionism with ____ idealism

A

Lockean

Kantian

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2
Q

Kant reasoned that SWB depends upon?

A

satisfaction with one’s condition.. with what nature bestows

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3
Q

Diener (1984) reasoned that?

A

challenges for top-down modeling were to ascertain how a person acquires temperament, how resistant it is to change and how it interacts with changing circumstance

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4
Q

evidence supporting top-down interpretations of SWB derives from?

A

studies of monozyogotic and dizgotic twins personality and evaluative cognition

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5
Q

what are the four pieces of edvidence supporting the top-down model?

A
  1. twin studies
  2. personality
  3. evaluative cognitions
  4. template for a top-down explanatory model
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6
Q

what are the twin studies found ___% range of variance depended on genetics

A

40-60

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7
Q

twin studies found __% of varaince in phenotypic cross-time correlations.

A

80

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8
Q

who included both SWB and the big 5 personality traits among their measures?

A

Weiss, Bates and Luciano (2008)

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9
Q

Weiss, Bates and Luciano (2008) concluded what?

A

SWB was genetically indistinct from personality traits

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10
Q

Weiss et all concluded what in 2007

A

the relationship between SWB and a range of health and social-relationship factors may also be mediated by common genetic effects

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11
Q

what did Schnittker found in 2008?

A

provided evidence of genetic mediation for martial status, martial support and wealth but not for support from freinds, employment status or income

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12
Q

Consequently claims that the totality of bottom-up effects account for ___% of variance in SWB may be overestimated

A

10-15

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13
Q

research on personality provides abundant evidence that

A

neuroticism and extraversion correlate with SWB

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14
Q

General factor of personality shared ___% variance with the positive and negative affect schedule (PANAS) and the satisfaction with life scale (SWLS)

A

60

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15
Q

what is PANAS

A

positive and negative affect schedule

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16
Q

what is SWLS

A

satisfaction with life scale

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17
Q

what did stones and kozma finda in 1985

A

a single higher-order factor subsumed relationships between composite scores on 27 measures of SWB.

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18
Q

findings on relationships between different types of well being (eudaimonic, psychological and SWB) similarly found a substantial ____

A

covariation (correlation)

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19
Q

Who concluded there is a relationship between top-down model and bottom-up? year?

A

Stones, Worobetz & brink, 2011

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20
Q

what is gWB

A

general factors of wellbeing

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21
Q

in 2011 stones kozma found support for top-down over bottom up explaination in 17/18 comparisons. These findings indicate that Diener et al (1999) where correct to consider____

A

domain satisfactions a component of (rather than an influence on) SWB

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22
Q

what does the tempalte for a top-down explanatory model lack?

A

the flexibility to account for lasting effects of changing circumstances on some people

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23
Q

what does the template for a top-down explanatory model good at?

A

adaptation level and set point thoeries address the stability of SWB

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24
Q

the best evidence suggests that temperament provides?

A

an encompassing umbrella concept for the design of top-down explanatory model possessing such flexibility

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25
Q

what are the four individual differences in temperament?

A
  1. acquired through nature and nurture
  2. heritable personality traits
  3. cognitive evaluation
  4. their behavioral manifestations
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26
Q

what is HIB stand for and encompass?

A

happiness inducing behaviors

savoring the moment;acts of generosity

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27
Q

what is HB stand for and encompass?

A

happy behaviors

behavioral manifestations of positive affect

28
Q

Bottom-up terms influences include______ & ______

A

substantive variables (life circumstance life change) & unobserved variation (error)

29
Q

the top-down bottom up model include stability of SWB due to common effects from _____ and _______

A

temperament

specific effects from personality traits (weiss et al. 2008)

30
Q

what could cause a change in SWB?

A

a chronic health condition can lead to prolonged loss in SWB

31
Q

temperament variables indicate that personality traits contribute variance to SWB both___?

A

directly (trait–> SWB)

indirectly (trait–> HIB–> SWB)

32
Q

Warner and Vroman (2011) found that ____ contributes directly to SWB, ____ &______ both directly and instrumentally and _____ & _______ only instrumentally

A

Neuroticism
Agreeableness & Extroversion
Conscientiousness and openness

33
Q

top-down refers to both….

A

model design and directional effects in explanatory modeling

34
Q

who is Ed whitlock

A

set a marathon record for being the first to run a marathon in under three hours at the age of 69

35
Q

who is Clarence Brazier

A

Literacy award winner for 2006

learned to read at age 93

36
Q

Over 80 years ago Hill (1925) suggested what is a good measure for human muscle restraint? (2)

A
  1. athletic records, due to the controlled environment

2. very large sample size

37
Q

what is a common problem is cross-section studies?

A

selection bias

38
Q

what are the two types of experts?

A
  1. experts who are normative exclusive lie at the upper extreme of normal distribution for everyday skills
  2. experts have exclusive skills not possessed by the majority of the population
39
Q

what type of expert is a professional runner?

A

type 1. normative exclusion

40
Q

a comparison in age difference in performance by elite athletes can clarify…

A

the limits to which life-span developmental processes impact on physical performance

41
Q

what are the componets of motor expertise (4)

A
  1. knowledge
    2, skill
  2. experience
  3. motivation
42
Q

what are the two ways accumulated experience contributes to performance?

A
  1. athletes become more adept in the use of strategy

2. experience helps athletes to choose among different modes of compensation if performance falls below expectations

43
Q

what are the two components motivation can be broken down into?

A

intrinsic and extrinsic

44
Q

what is intrinsic motivation?

A

include desires to achieve, retain competence and remain healthy

45
Q

what is extrinsic motivation?

A

include praise and payment

46
Q

what are the three categorized dimensions for sports

A
  1. closed and open skills
  2. power and endurance
  3. high strategy vs low strategy
47
Q

what is an open skill

A

sports performance in variable environments

48
Q

what is a closed skill

A

performance down in a non varying environment

49
Q

what does power refer to?

A

anaerobic

50
Q

what is endurance referred to as?

A

aerobic

51
Q

examples of high stragtegy sport?

A

tennis, boxing

52
Q

example of low strategy sport?

A

darts, swimming

53
Q

what are the four main categories of sports?

A

1, closed sport

  1. open- effort rather than strategy
  2. open- strategy rather than effort
  3. open- both strategy and effort
54
Q

aging has a larger impact on strategy sport or effort?

A

effort, old people cant keep up.

55
Q

the most encompassing formulation of a top-down model probably derives from …

A

life history theory

56
Q

the life history theory suggests?

A

genetically related traits in humans are shaped by natural section to ensure high parental investment needed for the survival of slowly maturing offspring

57
Q

what are the big 5 personality traits?

A
  1. emotional stability
  2. extroversion
  3. openness to experience
  4. agreeableness
  5. conscientiousness
58
Q

what was Weiss, bates and luciano (2008) conclusion regarding SWB and personality traits

A

SWB was genetically indistinct from personality traits

59
Q

Rushton and Irwings (2011) shared ___% of variance with positive and negative affect and life satisfaction and related to (6)

A

60

  1. self control
  2. sociability
  3. pro social behavior
  4. self-esteem
  5. affiliative
  6. self-enhancing humor
60
Q

Steel, schmidt and schult 2008 found what doing a meta-analysis on personality

A

correlation between positive affect and extroversion

correlation between negative affect and neuroticism

61
Q

the circumplex model of affect looked like what?

A

the bipolar axes terms valence(pleasure-displeasure) and arousal (activity-inactivity)

62
Q

what does the circumplex model explain?

A

relationship in responses to wellbeing scales

63
Q

what is ABS

A

affect balance scale

64
Q

in respect to housing top-down model suggests? and bottom up suggests?

A

top-down: propensity explains the evaluative variance in housing satisfaction
Bottom-up: determination explains variance associated housing conditions

65
Q

domain satisfaction share varaince with what valance axis?

A

happy-sad

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