Kine-4114 Lifestyle final Flashcards
what are the 6 key factors of lifestyle?
- sleep
- eating
- physical activity
- drinking
- stress management
- time management
what is therapy?
Definition: “treatment” of physical, mental or social DISORDER OR DISEASE using a structured rehabilitative process.
- implies working with a person to facilitate some kine of change
- use professional skills & counselling skills
- examples: speech, PT, OT, chiro..
what is coaching?
Definition: training or development process whereby the coach supports, trains or mentors a person or group of people to achieve certain goals or results
- about the development and use of skills-in sports, leadership, life etc.
- is not about curing disease or disorder
- more about improving performance
what is counselling?
definition: “to give advice”; consultation; by a person with expertise or knowledge
- an act- the process of using verbal and non verbal skills to “help” another person
- use communication skills:
* to advise, consult, recommend
* to inform, instruct, guide
* to listen support empathize
* to encourage, urge the adoption of a behavior or action
* to challenge warn caution
what are the 6 stages of the counselling process?
- engagement & relationship building
- assessment
- Goal Setting/prescription
- treatment/intervention
- process review
- termination
what is counselling as a relationship?(2)
- core to change is the therapeutic relationship
- empathy, respect, acceptance, genuineness
what is counselling as a set of interventions? (2)
- methods, strategies such as CBT or MI
- counselors techniques, skills and actions
what is counselling as a process? (1)
-change and movement over time
what is counselling as a psychological process? (2)
- between the minds of two people: counselor & client
- involves the psychology of the client
when counselling you ___ both sides
weigh
pros vs cons
what are 8 key values?
- open mindedness
- respect
- health & well being
- care & compassion
- growth
- hopefulness
- challenge
- learning
what are 6 key knowledge?
- professional expertise
- biopsychosocial
- motivation
- change
- human behavior
- ethics
what are 6 key skills?
- communication
- organization
- interpersonal
- interviewing
- assessment
- intervention (prescription)
biopsychosocial factors in health what are the 5 psychological factors?
- stress
- coping tactics
- personality
- health related habits
- reactions to illness
biopsychosocial factors in health what are the 6 biological factors?
- infectious agents
- environmental toxins
- genetic predisposition
- physiological re activity
- immune response
biopsychosocial factors in health what are the 5 social (system) factors?
- social support
- health education
- pollution control
- sanitation
- medical care
what are the 5 basic communication skills?
- listening
- non-verbal
- questioning
- silence
- empathy
what are 6 advanced skills?
- reflecting feelings
- paraphrasing
- reframimg
- summarizing
- challenging
what are the 5 key listening processes?
- hearing
- attending
- understanding
- interpreting
- responding
what are the 3 levels of listening?
- superficial level (non-listening)
- obvious level (listening for rejection)
- insight level (listening for understanding)
what does SOLER stand for?
Squarely (facing) Open (posture) Lean (slightly) Establish eye contact Relax
what is empathy?
the ability to recreate another person’s perspective and experience the world from the other’s point of view
what are the 3 dimensions involved in empathy?
- cognitive- perspective take & suspend judgment
- Affective- emotional connection to experience the other’s feelings
- Genuine concern- sincere interest in other’s well being
what are the 5 ways silence is used in counselling?
- allow client to collect thoughts
- provide support to client
- show respect
- lower the intensity of emotions
- control self
when reflecting feelings what sort of statement would you make?
I am getting a sense that you are…
it seems that your feelings of… are related to..
what is paraphrasing?
feedback that restates in your own words the message you thought the speaker sent
what is reframing?
reframing will help you alter the internal representation or the meaning that people interpret from events and conversations (internal and external) that you encounter
- the basis of reframing is learning to separate a person’s behaviors from their intention
- changing the way a client sees things; to explore and use alternative ways of seeing the world and understanding what is happening
- you are working in the “meaning” or interpretation of the communication cycle
example of reframing questions
so- i am wondering if their might be other reasons that is happening
what is summarizing?
providing a summary of what you have heard the other person communicate to you
-so this is what i heard you say first.. second.. third..
what is making challenging statements?
the purpose of challenging is to help the client have more information to make better choices or decisions
what are 5 areas to challenge?
- inconsistency
- distortions in thinking
- clinging to incorrect information
- minimizing choices
- minimizing strengths
what is pre-contemplation?
no intention of changing in the foreseeable future.
-person unaware or under ware of their problem
what is contemplation?
people are aware of the problem and seriously considering making a change & committing to take action(but no action taken)
may be ambivalent
what is preparation?
people intent to take action and do something within the next month. aware of the consequences
what is action
people are taking action to make change
6 month process
what is maintenance
people continue changing to prevent relapse
what are the 10 processes of change?
- consciousness raising
- dramatic relief
- self revaluation
- environment re-evaluation
- self liberation
- social liberation
- counter conditioning
- stimulus control
- contingency management
- healthy relationships
what is consciousness raising?
accessing new info to support change
what is dramatic reflief
experiencing negative emotions associated with unhealthy behavior
what is self revaluation
understanding the relationship of one’s identity and to the change
what is self liberation
making commitment to change
what is social liberation
social norms have changed in direction of supporting individual change
what is counter conditioning
substituting a healthy behavior for a unhealthy behavior
what is stimulus control
removing negative cues putting positive cues
what is contingency management
rewarding positive behavior
what is healthy relationships
using social network to support positive behavior
what are the 3 process of relapse?
- lapse - in maintenance stage and first re-use-can move back to action then to maintenance
- pro-lapse - time when person who is re-using despite consequences- back at contemplation and experiencing ambivalence
- retro-lapse - person continues to re-use with no recognition of consequences- back in pre-contemplation stage
____ +______ = perceived threat
perceived risk + perceived seriousness = perceived threat
Health belief model what are the 4 perceptions?
perceived risk
perceived seriousness
perceived benefits
perceived barriers
Health belief model what are the 4 connectors?
- decision balance
- self efficacy
- cues to action
- perceived threat
what does the belief model not take into account?
emotions or feelings
what is the righting reflex?
counselor desire to “direct” change & tip the decisional balance- engage in the righting reflex- tells the client what to do, give adivce
basic definition for MI
is a collaborative conversation style for strengthening a person’s own motivation and commitment to change
what are the 4 key principle for MI
partnership
acceptance
compassion
evocation
key to partnership
remembering the client is the expert on themselves
4 components to acceptance
- absolute worth-prizing inherent worth and potential- they are a person, a unique individual
- accurate empathy- active effort to understand, not imposing your own perspective
- autonomy support-recognizing their right to self direction and the freedom to chose
- affirmation-recognize and validate the others strengths and efforts
key to compassion
the deliberate commitment to pursue the welfare and best interest of the other.
key to evocation
start from a strength-based perspective
what are the four processes for MI
engage
focusing
evoking
planning
what is engaging
developing a helpful connection; a therapeutic relationship, working alliance; basis for everything else
what is focusing
focus the direction of conversation about change what change is wanted
what is evoking
surfacing the client’s motivation for change, client’s voice the arguments for change
what is planning
start to talk about when and how and less about why; commitment to change & developing a specific plan
what does OARS stand for? and what also should be considered
open ended questions
affirming
reflective listening
summarizing
also..
Informing (advising)
engaging- listening
understanding the person’s dilemma . accurate empathy + active listening = reflective listening
what is reflective listening?
response is a guess at what the person means// the meaning
ex. my kids are always bugging me about smoking
what are open quetsions
- open them up to offering arguments for change
- evokes from the person
what is affirming
- qualities, strengths, efforts and intentions
- self efficacy and confidence
- noticing, recognizing and acknowledging the positive
what is reflecting
reflect how they feel what it means
what is summarising
drawing together what you have heard-offer it back
- collecting, linking, tranistional
what are 3 sources of focus
- client -what the person coming in door wants
- setting- particular program/context where help is occurring
- counselor- what counselor or therapist is good at or has knowledge
what are three focus styles
directing
guiding
following
focusing- strategy to use (3)
- elicit/ ask permission- what does client know
- provide information/ advice
- elicit understanding/ response from client
what does DARN Cats stand for
DARN (preparatory) desire-what person wants ability -what person can do reasons - why person might change need-hoe urgent is it (when)
CATs (mobilizing)
Commitment
activation
taking steps
how do we explore DARN?
OARS Open ended questions scaling exploring looking at past present future explore beliefs and values
what are the 5 A’s
- ask
- advise
- agree
- assist
- arrange
