Psychology of aging 3131

Question 1

when was the notion of ageism given its title?

Answer 1

1977

Question 2

Who single-handedly brought ageism out of the closest to become a discussion?

Answer 2

Robert Butler

Question 3

What were two examples of Butler’s fight against ageism?

Answer 3

1. Medicine and the behavioral sciences have mirrored social attitudes by presenting old age as a grim litany of physical and emotional illness
2. the over use of psychotropic drugs in nursing homes at the expense of “decent human attention” through diagnosis and careful treatment

Question 4

forty years after Butler published his chapter “Age-ism” who wrote an article for the journal for medical ethics?

Answer 4

AB Shaw

Question 5

what is the title of AB Shaw’s piece

Answer 5

in defense of ageism

Question 6

when in defense to ageism was published Stones and Nancy martin analyzed census level RAI 2.0 data on physical restraint and anti psychotic meds among older people in complex continuing care facilities what were their findings?

Answer 6

33% for physical restraint

25% anti-psychotic drug use

Question 7

in 2010-2012 looking at physical restraint and anti psychotic drug use what were the findings?

Answer 7

physical restraint decreased by more than half

slightly higher in the use of psychotropic drugs

Question 8

Getting away from health care what are some examples of ageism? (6)

Answer 8

1. patronizing language
2. beliefs about the dependency of older people
3. practices in the helping professions
4. discrimination in work environment
5. legislative policies
6. elder abuse

Question 9

what did TD Nelson suggest?

Answer 9

the print press and industry has changed our social organization

Question 10

what were Nelsons findings in regards to reports against ageism?

Answer 10

found far less reports about ageism than any other “ism”

Question 11

What is Mike Brogden write?

Answer 11

Geronticides

Question 12

what are the two reasons for geroniticides

Answer 12

1. social marginalization

2. passivity by victim

Question 13

who presented a broad view of SWB research entitled “correlates of avowed happiness” and in what year?

Answer 13

Warner Wilson

1967

Question 14

What is Warner Wilsons definition of a happy person in 1967?

Answer 14

young, healthy, well educated, well paid, extroverted, optimistic, worry-free, religious, married, high self-esteem, job morale, modest aspirations, either sex and wide range of intelligence

Question 15

who included within the definition of SWB global levels of SWB

Answer 15

Diener 1984

Question 16

what are the four global levels?

Answer 16

positive affect
negative affect
life satisfaction
domain satisfaction

Question 17

what were the three original global levels?

Answer 17

+/- affect and life satisfaction

Question 18

when was domain satisfaction added to global levels

Answer 18

1999 diener et al

Question 19

what model is this associated with? “an accumulation of happy moments”

Answer 19

bottom up

Question 20

“a person enjoys pleasure because they’re happy

Answer 20

top-down

Question 21

what is the top-down model?

Answer 21

assume a propensity towards positive experiences that influences momentary interactions of an individual with their environment

Question 22

what is the bottom-up model?

Answer 22

assume no such propensity but consider SWB to be a state determined by variables such as economic status, health condition, social support

Question 23

what determined bottom-up and top down model?year?

Answer 23

Diener et al 1999

Question 24

bottom-up in SWB of life circumstances, what percent of our SWB is influenced by bottom-up

Answer 24

8-15%

Question 25

top-down includes personality and genetics to what percent of our SWB influenced by top-down?

Answer 25

50% of one time variable | 80% of temporally stable variable

Question 26

what model might explain more variability in SWB

Answer 26

top-down

Question 27

what are teh two main differences between eudaimonic well being and subjective well being

Answer 27

1. SWB relies on appraisals within ourselves; eudaimonic well being has normative standards related to intentional actions by the individual 2. SWB- cognitive and feelings E- actions and feelings

Question 28

how did the definition of mental well being change

Answer 28

historically MWB was considered consequences of virtue "only the good could be happy" happiness was considered a balance between pleasurable moments and unpleasurable experiences people are born with a component that makes them happy (personality & genetics) last decade coming back to the idea of virtue, but of course virtue is redefined

Question 29

what is reliability

Answer 29

confidence we have in the scores

Question 30

what is validity

Answer 30

confidence we have in the measures used to collect measures

Question 31

what are the two scales for MWB

Answer 31

MUNSH- memorial university of Newfoundland scale of happiness SHARP- short happiness and affect research protocol

Question 32

who did studies on intentional activities & volitional effect?

Answer 32

Lybuomirsky 2005

Question 33

according to Lubuomirsky findings in 2006 how is the percentile split up for SWB in the three remaining categories: genetics, circumstance and variance for intentional activity?

Answer 33

50%- genetics 10% - circumstance 40%- variance for intentional activities

Question 34

change in____ lead to longitudinal happiness over_____.

Answer 34

activities | circumstance

Question 35

Sheldon & Lyubomirsky did what study in 2006?

Answer 35

determine what has more effect on happiness intentional activity or circumstance study 1: only measured SWB once study 2: measured three time baseline, 6 weeks later 12 weeks later. used simple SWB measures study 3: similar to 2 but used complex SWB measures

Question 36

what were the three research styles to investigate intentional activities

Answer 36

experimental naturalistic longitudinal

Question 37

what were the findings in experimental studies for intentional activities?

Answer 37

positive and negative conditions, but increased happiness and decreased depression

Question 38

what were the findings in naturalistic studies for intentional activities?

Answer 38

activities more effective than circumstance

Question 39

what were the findings in longitudinal studies for intentional activities?

Answer 39

happier people more likely to exhibit positive intentional behaviors of a pro-social nature

Question 40

who studied reminiscence interventions? year?

Answer 40

Rattenbury and Stones in 1989

Question 41

what did Stones and rattenbury find in there reminiscence studies in 1989?

Answer 41

residents that reminisced were happier than the control group

Question 42

who conducted a longitudinal reminiscence study over the course of 18 months? and what year?

Answer 42

Stones, Rattenbury and Kozma; 1995

Question 43

what were the findings in the 18 months of reminiscence intervention study?

Answer 43

people were happier immediately and was maintained throughout the entire intervention period

Question 44

Who studied the types of reminiscence? year?

Answer 44

Wong and Watt 1991

Question 45

what did the study of reminiscence types find?

Answer 45

successful aging: living independently were higher on integrative and instrumental reminiscence unsuccessful aging: higher on obsessive reminiscence

Question 46

was the interventions to promote SWB successful?

Answer 46

yes

Question 47

what are the three key features that appear to be that of content of the intervention become:

Answer 47

1. cognitive linked with happiness 2. part of an individual repertoire of habitual behaviors or cognition 3. the effects greater for among people lower in SWB at base line