Exercise Prescription Flashcards
what is exercise prescription professional competency
exercise prescription is a central professional competency requiring knowledge, skills and supplication of the movement science
what are the two key professional competencies
assessment
prescription
what is assessment
assess client status for movement and exercise in all life domains [ powerful tools, interactive assessment]
what is prescription
selection appropriate movements to enable safe improve function efficiency and health status
critical skills require _____ &_____ of health and lifestyle threats and risk factors
empathy and understanding
what us a chronic condition
pathological health conditions which are not curable but are treatable
what is lifestyle risk factor
form the bass for most life threatening disease which are preventable and controllable through: treatment and prevention prescription
what are the two types of prescription
treatment and prevnetion
what is an acute disorder
musculoskeletal injuries plus other pathologies which are treatable and can be resolved through medical treatments and rehab
what are the three movement prescription skills
- functional movement
- workplace ergonomics
- recreational, competitive, fitness
what is functional movement
to enable basic to complex life function for day to day maintenance
example: sit, stand, drive, dress, eat, bathroom
what is workplace ergonomics
creating proper technique for lifting, creating comfortable chairs and equipment to be used
in regards to workplace ergonomics what is fatigue
8-12 hour shift low-moderate exertion
what movement prescription skill does overuse injury fall in
work ergonomics
what is important to consider what working with recreation, competitive or fit individuals
higher musculoskeletal demands
training and conditioning required
high motivation
high risk factors
what is an extreme form of habituation
addiction
two assessment methods
verbal vs testing
what two components are u assessing
training
fitness levels
what are the two energy path ways
aerobic
anaerobic
what are the five exercise response concepts
flexibility/range performance level for: strength endurance and power agility balance
what is an example of biomechanics- skill mechanics
walk, lift throw, jump
safety and stress limits
lifting mechanics spotting CV controls ex. heart rate, blood pressure
health condition limits-
respirator, muscular CV
what are four training adaptions
specificity
progressive overload
reversibility
individual differences
what is the FITT principle
frequency
intensity
time
type/mode
what is an adaptive change for pregnant women
normal systemic/metabolic physiological and anatomical adaptions for mother to allow for growth of fetus ex. tissue and somatotype-weight gain up to 20kg change in COM, gait,,
movement and fitness levels dictate _____ of pregnancy and _____
ease
delivery
true or false activity level changes with each trimester
true
what are the two endocrine changes in pregnant women
estrogen
progesterone
what is estrogen used for
rebuilds the endometrial lining after menstruation
enlarges breast during pregnancy
prepares breast for lactation
helps regulate progesterone levels during pregnancy
what is progesterone used for
maintains endometrial lining during pregnancy
limits the natural movement of the uterus to prevent contraction early in pregnancy
what hormone is released early in pregnancy to limit uterine contractions
relaxin
what is relaxin’s major roles
soften cervix in prep for child birth
increase range of motion-ligament relaxation
what is produced after delivery and stimulates milk production on mammary glands
prolactin
what hormone stimulate uterine contractions at the end of pregnancy, and stimulates milk ejections
oxytocin
exercise increase_____ return
venous
what are Braxton Hicks
false contractions
what is the greatest predictor of health for a new born baby
weight
____ improve; lymphatic flow- minimizes edema
exercise
what maneuver is it called when you hold your breath
valsalva maneuver
what would be the three outcomes of prevention of CVD
- decrease financial burden
- decrease morbidy
- decrease mortality
what is the most common form of heart disease
Coronary Artery Disease
in CAD arteries become_____
atherosclerotic
approx. how many American’s does CAD affect
13 million
what is an early warning sign of CAD
angina pectoris
what is the category for any condition where the arteries become more rigid
arteriosclerosis
what are the three types of arteriosclerosis
atherosclerosis
monckbergs arteriosclerosis
artheriosclosis
what is monckbergs arteriosclerosis
hardening of arties due to calcium deposit
what is artheriosclerosis
hardening of arteries
result of plaque build up in inner linging of arteries, what is the plank
accumulation of cholesterol, calcium and other substances
plaque causes_____ of arteries which restricts blood flow
narrows
what is the outermost layer of a vessel, middle and inner called
tuncia adventitia
tunica media
tunica intima
what is tunica adventitia main role
anchors vessel to surrounding structures
what is tunica media main role
can stretch, recoil, constrict and dilate
composed on smooth muscle & elastic connective tissue
what is tunica intima main role
think layer of flat cells
only layer that contacts blood
role in development
easily damaged by: high BP, smoking, high LDL, high triglyercides, infection diabetes
damage to tunica_____ causes inflammation
intima
___+ macrophages —-> foam cells
foam cells—-> ____ _____
LDL
fatty streak
what is a heart attack called
myocardial infaraction
what are symptoms of MI
angina pectoris radiating pain- arms back neck raw shortness of breath cold sweat nausea vomiting or light-headedness
what disease is: when one or more of the hearts valves do not work properly
heart valve disease
what are three types of heart valve disease
valvular stenosis
valvular insufficiency
valve prolapse
what is valvular stenosis
a valve does open properly [ opening too small or it become stiff]
what is valvular insufficiency
valve doesn’t close completely
what is valve prolapse
valve bulges into the chamber of the heart
what is bradycardia
heart beat is too slow
what is tachycardia
heart beat is too fast
what is arrhythmias
heart beat rhyme
what is considered hypertension
> 140/90 mm Hg
what is PAD
peripheral artery disease
what is peripheral artery disease
atherosclerotic plaque causes narrowing in peripheral arteries
leads to ischemia [ inadequate blood supply] in distal tissue
what is congenital heart disease
present at birth
defect in the heart and vessels
what is congestive heart failure
failure happen when the heart doesn’t pump as strongly as it needs to
CHF is the result of damaged heart
what are the three major components of the CV system
blood
heart
vessels
two jobs of CVS
- ensure adequate distribution of oxygenated blood throughout the body
- deliver waste products to excretory organs (kidney, lungs, skin) where they can be removed
there are two different types of risk factors that contribute to CVD
controllable
uncontrollable
what are the two higher risk ethnicity’s
Asian and African
what is atherosclerosis
build up of plaque on arterial wall-arterial lesion/damage to wall, high LDL= high plaque levels
what is arteriosclerosis
breakdown of atrial walls elastic qualities increase in internal pressure-hardening of vessels which increase internal pressure which results in high blood pressure
what is aneurism
bulging of blood vessel-pressure in brain or [aneurism aortic]
what is defined as: tightness/pressure in chest, mid back, jaw neck and left arm
angina
catheter placed through one of what two atrial option
femoral or radial
optional cardiac tests
MUGA scan
stress test
nuclear stress test
persantine test
what is MUGA scan:
injection of radioactive nuclear medicine-provides a movie image of heart chambers using specialized camera while exercising
what is a stress test
patient is exercised [treadmill or bike] to max target heart rate level plus their perceived exertion, blood pressure and heart rate EKG readings taken simultaneously
what is a nuclear stress test
radio isotopic injected at rest and after exercise-pictures taken of heart to detect regions where blood deficient
what is a persantine test
evulates coronary arteries without exercise. drug-presantine injected to relax and dilate coronary blood vessels as if you were exercising-radioisotope also used to take pictures
what is: progressive chronic disease causing reduction in bone density
osteoporosis
what is a malformation of spine called
dowager hump
what does BMD stand for
bone mineral density
1 SD below average BMD means
osteopenia
2.5 SD below normal BMD means
osteoporosis
what is glucocorticoids associated with
osteoporosis
what is vertebral compression
wedge fractures not obvious with x rays
what is severe kyphosis
anterior vertebra body collapsing during flexion
what is respiratory function and vital capacity reduced
muscular failure in thorax
premarin oge estrace and Estraderm are medications for
osteoporosis
what two hormones reabsorb at cancellous bone
calcitonin and miacalcin
what is Osgood bar syndrome
chronic fatigue often experienced alone
out of 18 how many pain trigger sites do you need to be considered fibromyalgia
11
what is symptoms cycling
problematic for consistent quality of life, work and consistent personal lifestyle
what is parethesis
numbness at variable points in extremities
what is fibro fog
general neural ‘fuzziness’ loss of short term memory, inability to complete verbal sentences
what are three fibro-etiologies
muscle abnormalities
neuro endocrine
gentic predisposition
neuro endocrine (fibro etiology)
autonomic system regulation disorder- digestive tract bowl function-irritable bowl syndrome
HPA hypothalamic pituitary-adrenal gland disturbance, serotonin levels variable and local muscle glucose metabolism diminished is a cause of what
fibro
rheumatism
non-specific term used to describe any painful disorder affect the locomotors system including joints, muscles, connective tissue, soft tissue around the joints and bones
how many classes are there of OA
4
what are the four classes of OA
1- able to perform most motions with [ain tolerance
2- mild/moderate 1+ joints
3- limited abilities partial self care
4- incapacitated- death with failure of respiratory system-thoracic cage failure
what is systemic auto immune inflammatory disorder
rheumatoid arthritis
NSAID medication
pain reduction agents ex aspirin
DMARDS medication
disease modifying antirheumatic drug
BRM
biological response modifiers [immune response]
COPD
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
secondary infection for COPD is
phlegm blockage response
what is emphysema
collapse of alveoli
what is asthma
restriction of air flow to lungs
what di antihistamines treat
allergy control
what do antiviral treat
infections
nociceptors
receptors for pain
