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Cognitive PSYC Vocab > Psyc345 exam 1 > Flashcards

Psyc345 exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two advantages of the statistical infrequency or violation of social norms definition of abnormal behavior?

A

Cutoff points and intuitive appeal.

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2
Q

What are the three disadvantages of the statistical infrequency or violation of social norms definition of abnormal behavior?

A

Choice of cutoff points, number of deviations, and cultural and developmental relativity.

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3
Q

What are the three ways to define abnormal behavior.

A

1)statistical infrequency or violation of social norms 2) subjective distress 3)disability, dysfunction, and impairment.

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4
Q

How do we define the disability, dysfunction, or impairment definition of abnormal behavior?

A

it must create some degree of social (interpersonal) or occupational (or educational) problems for the individual.

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5
Q

What is the advantage of the Dysfunction, or impairment definition of abnormal behavior?

A

it requires little inference.

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6
Q

What was the goal of the scientist practitioner model?

A

to be effective clinical psychologist one must have expertise in “thinking like a scientist”.

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7
Q

What is the goal of consultation and in teaching?

A

to increase the effectiveness of those to whom one’s efforts are directed by imparting to them some degree of expertise.

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8
Q

Name the 7 types of activities a clinical psychologist might do.

A

therapy/interventions, diagnosis/assessment, teaching, clinical supervision, research, consultation, and administration.

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9
Q

What is now the most frequent employment setting for clinical psychologist?

A

Private practice.

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10
Q

What is the second most common employment site for clinical psychologist?

A

University settings

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11
Q

what is the theoretical orientation break down?

A

29% Eclectic/integrative, 28% cognitive, 15% psychodynamic, and 10% behavioral.

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12
Q

What has happened to the percentage of psychodynamic clinicians over the years.

A

Their numbers have declined since the 60s from 35% down to 15%.

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13
Q

MMPI ?

A

Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory

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14
Q

What was the first test that tried to say more than just what someone’s IQ is? Year?

A

MMPI 1943

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15
Q

Which era saw an explosion in IQ and personality test?

A

40s and 50s

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16
Q

Name an objective measures test.

A

MMPI

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17
Q

What is the approach to assessment in which test scores are interpreted using empirically based rules involving the contrast between an obtained score and the average score obtained from a large representative sample?

A

Nomothetic

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18
Q

When did radical behaviorism start to take hold?

A

1950s

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19
Q

Who claims that personality traits cannot be measured directly?

A

radical behaviorists.

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20
Q

What can be attributed to the resurgence of interest in the 80s and 90s in personality assessment?

A

the coverage of a variety of personality disorders in the DSM.

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21
Q

When was the first DSM published?

A

1952

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22
Q

An interview that consist of standard list of questions that are keyed to the diagnostic criteria for various disorders form the DSM is?

A

Structured diagnostic interviews

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23
Q

What kind of assessment would you use to evaluate relative strengths and deficits of patients based on empirically established brain behavior (test responses) relationships?

A

Neuropsychological

24
Q

What are the two approaches used by contemporary neuropsychological assessment?

A

uniform group or battery, of test for all patients.

25
Q

In the 1990s what caused more accountable and more efficient service delivery?

A

Managed health care

26
Q

What cause psychologist to first start providing mental services?

A

The great need after World War 2 and the shortage of military doctors including psychiatrist.

27
Q

Who offered the first major alternative to psychoanalytic therapy?

A

Carl Rogers in 1951 with his book Client Centered Therapy

28
Q

Aaron Beck developed what would ultimately become on of the most effective psychological treatments for psychological problems what is it called?

A

Cognitive Therapy

29
Q

What was cognitive therapy first used to treat?

A

Depression

30
Q

What kind of clinicians employ the techniques of more than one theoretical orientation, basing their selection on the particular problems presented by the individual client or patient?

A

Eclectics

31
Q

What type of treatment has offered a way to communicate standardized set of techniques that have been demonstrated to reduce symptoms when studied in carefully controlled research studies?

A

Manualized forms of treatment

32
Q

In a search for a more preventive approach what kind of psychology was developed?

A

Community and Health Psychology

33
Q

a correlation of Zero means?

A

No LINEAR relationship. Could be a curve linear relationship

34
Q

Is it possible to have perfect correlation and no causation?

A

YES, there could be a third or fourth unaccounted for variable.

35
Q

What is the name of the primary outlet for research on psychological tests and measures used by clinical psychologist?

A

The journal Psychological Assessment

36
Q

Which organization played a chief role in upgrading and building the profession of clinical psychology after WWII?

A

The Veterans Administration.

37
Q

What event explicated the scientist practitioner model for training clinical psychologist?

A

The Boulder Conference in 1949

38
Q

List the 5 components of the Boulder model.

A

1) training at University departments 2) psychologist first and clinicians second 3) clinical internships 4) competence in diagnosis, psychotherapy, and research 5) training shall end in a PhD

39
Q

The schism in 1988 resulted in the creation of what?

A

The American Psychological Society now called the Association for Psychological Science.

40
Q

During the first two years of training what is the major difference between a Psy.D. and a PhD?

A

No much

41
Q

Are accredited (APA) professional schools the exception or the rule?

A

The exception.

42
Q

when did the APA endorse the pursuit of prescription privileges?

A

1995

43
Q

Tarasoff Case makes it clear a therapist must inform which parties about potential violence?

A

“All appropriate persons”

44
Q

What is the most common type of ethical dilemmas faced by psychologists.

A

Confidentiality, breaking because of a potential risks to third parties.

45
Q

the changes made to the DSM IV were based on ?

A

Empirical data.

46
Q

What is Axis I

A

Clinical disorders or other conditions that may be focus of clinical attention

47
Q

What is Axis II

A

personality disorders and mental retardation

48
Q

what is Axis III

A

General medical conditions that are potentially relevant to the understanding or management of the individual’s mental disorders

49
Q

What is Axis IV

A

psychosocial and environmental problems

50
Q

What is Axis VS.

A

global assessment of functioning (GAF) scale.

51
Q

What are the 8 general issues in classification?

A

Categories vs. dimensions, bases of categorization, pragmatics of classification, description, reliability, validity, bias, coverage.

52
Q

Describe categories vs. dimensions problem.

A

explanation can be supplanted by a circular form of description

53
Q

The difference between so called normal behavior and psychotic behavior is a mater of what?

A

Degree not kind.

54
Q

Give an example of the problem of pragmatics of classification.

A

The demise of homosexuality as a disease entity occurred through a vote of the psychiatric membership.

55
Q

what is the problem of description of the DSM?

A

are the features of the diagnostic categories adequately described? Are the criteria objective?

56
Q

How was the DSM III made to be more reliable?

A

Inclusion of specific and objective criteria for each disorder.

Cognitive PSYC Vocab (24 decks)

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