PSYC317 CH 1

Question 1

event-related potential (ERP)

Answer 1

a diagnostic technique that uses electrodes placed on the scalp to measure the duration of brain waves during mental tasks.

Question 2

filter model

Answer 2

the proposition that bottleneck occurs at the pattern recognition stage and that attention determines what information reaches the pattern recognition stage.

Question 3

functional magnetic resource imaging (fMRI)

Answer 3

a diagnostic technique that uses magnetic fields and computerized images to locate mental operations in the brain.

Question 4

human information processing

Answer 4

the psychological approach that attempts to identify what occurs during the various stages (attention, perception, short-term memory) of processing information.

Question 5

long-term memory (LTM)

Answer 5

memory that has no capacity limits and lasts from minutes to an entire lifetime.

Question 6

pattern recognition

Answer 6

the stage of perception during which a stimulus is identified

Question 7

plan

Answer 7

a temporally ordered sequence of operations for carrying out some task

Question 8

positron-emission tomography (PET)

Answer 8

a diagnostic technique that uses radioactive tracers to study brain activity by measuring the amount of blood flow in different parts of the brain

Question 9

selection stage

Answer 9

the stage that follows pattern recognition and determines which informaiton a person will try to remember.

Question 10

sensory store

Answer 10

the part of memory that hold unanalyzed sensory information for a fraction of a second, providing an opportunity for additinoal analysis following the physcial termination of stimulus

Question 11

short-term memory (STM)

Answer 11

Memory that has limited capacity and that lasts only approximately 20 to 30 seconds in the absence of attending to its content

Question 12

stimulus-response (S-R)

Answer 12

the approach that emphasizes the association between a stimulus and a response, wihtout identifying the mental operations that produced the response.

Question 13

top-down processing

Answer 13

the flow of information from LTM toward the sensory store

Question 14

artificial intelligence

Answer 14

the study of how to produce computer programs that can perform intellectually demanding tasks.

Question 15

cognitive neuroscience

Answer 15

the study of the relation between cognitive processes and brain activities

Question 16

cognitive science

Answer 16

the interdisciplinary attempt to study cognition through such fields as psychology, philosphy, arti8ficial intelligence, neuroscience, linguistics, and anthropology.

Question 17

bottom-up processing

Answer 17

the flow of informaiton from the sensory stroe toward LTM