PSYC317CH2

Question 1

activation rule

Answer 1

a rule that determines how inhibitory and excitatory connections combine to determine the total activation of a concept

Question 2

auditory information store

Answer 2

In Sperling’s model this store maintains verbal information in short-term memory through rehearsal.

Question 3

caricature

Answer 3

an exaggeration of distinctive feartures to make a pattern more distinctive

Question 4

detection paradigm

Answer 4

a procedure in which observers have to specify which of two possible target patterns is present in a display

Question 5

distinctive feature

Answer 5

a feature present in one pattern but absent in another, aiding one’s discrimination of the two patterns

Question 6

excitatory connection

Answer 6

a positive association between concepts that belong together, as when a vertical line provides support for the possibility that a letter is K

Question 7

feature theory

Answer 7

a theory of pattern recognition that describes patterns in terms of their parts, or features

Question 8

geons

Answer 8

different three dimensional shapes that combine to form three dimensional patterns

Question 9

inhibitory connection

Answer 9

a negative association between concepts that do not belong together, as when the presence of a vertical line provides negative evidence that a letter is a C

Question 10

interactive activation model

Answer 10

a theory that proposes that both feature knowledge and word knowledge combine to provide information about the identity of letters in a word

Question 11

interstimulus interval

Answer 11

the amount of time between the end of a stimulus and the beginning of another stimulus.

Question 12

neural network model

Answer 12

a theory in which concepts (nodes) are linked to other concepts through excitatory and inhibitory connections

Question 13

nodes

Answer 13

the format for representing conepts in semantic network

Question 14

parallel distributed processing (PDP)

Answer 14

when information is simultaneously collected from different sources and combined to reach a decision

Question 15

parallel processing

Answer 15

carrying out more than one operation ata time, such as looking at an art exhibit and making conversation

Question 16

partial-report procedure

Answer 16

a task in which observers are cued to report only certain items in a display of items

Question 17

pattern recognition

Answer 17

the stage of perception during which a stimulus is identified

Question 18

perceptual confusion

Answer 18

a measure of the frequency with which two patterns are mistakenly identified as each other

Question 19

rehersal

Answer 19

repeating verbal information to keep it active in short-term memory or to transfer it into long-term memory

Question 20

scan component

Answer 20

the attention component of Sperling’s model that determines what is recognized in the visual informaion store

Question 21

sensory store

Answer 21

the part of memory that hold unanalyzed sensory information for a fraction of a second, providing an opportunity for additinoal analysis following the physcial termination of stimulus

Question 22

serial processing

Answer 22

carrying out one operatino at a time, such as pronouncing one word at a time

Question 23

structural theory

Answer 23

a theory that specifies how the features of a pattern are joinded to other features of the pattern

Question 24

tachistoscope

Answer 24

a box that presents visual stimuli at a specified duration and level of illumination

Question 25

template

Answer 25

an unanalyzed pattern that is matched against alternative patterns by using the degrees of overlap as a measure of similarity

Question 26

visual information store (VIS)

Answer 26

a sensory store that maintains visual infomration for approximately one-quarter of a second

Question 27

whole-report procedure

Answer 27

a task that requires observers to report everything they see ina display of items.

Question 28

word superiority effect

Answer 28

the finding that accuracy in recognizing a letter is higher when the letter isin a owrd than when it appears alone or isn a nonword