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Cognitive PSYC Vocab > CognitivePSYC > Flashcards

CognitivePSYC Flashcards

1
Q

absolute judgment task

A

identifying stimuli that vary along a single, sensory continuum.

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2
Q

acoustic code

A

a memory code based on the sound of the stimulus

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3
Q

acoustic confusion

A

an error that sounds like the correct answer

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4
Q

activation rule

A

a rule that determines how inhibitory and excitatory connections combine to determine the total activation of a concept

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5
Q

additive-difference model

A

a strategy that compares two alternatives by adding the difference in their values for each attribute

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6
Q

algorithm

A

a set of rules that will solve a problem if correctly followed.

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7
Q

allocation of capacity

A

when limited amount of capacity is distributed to various task.

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8
Q

amodal

A

knowledge that is abstracted from sensory experiences

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9
Q

anagram

A

a problem that requires rearranging a string of letters to form a word.

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10
Q

analogical transfer

A

use of the same solution in solving two problems.

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11
Q

analogy problem

A

a four term problem that requires finding the answer that completes the relation: A is to B as C is to D.

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12
Q

Analogy

A

solving a problem by using a solution to a related problem.

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13
Q

arousal

A

a physiological state that influences the distribution of mentally capacity to various tasks.

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14
Q

arrangement problem

A

a problem that requires rearranging its parts to satisfy a specified criterion

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15
Q

artificial intelligence

A

the study of how to produce computer programs that can perform intellectually demanding tasks.

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16
Q

association value

A

the number of verbal associations generated for a concept

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17
Q

attention window

A

the attended part of the visual buffer in kosslyn’s model

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18
Q

attenuation

A

a decrease in the perceived loudness of an unattended message.

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19
Q

attribute learning

A

a concept identification task in which people are told the logical rule (such as conjunctive) but have to discover the relevant attributes.

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20
Q

auditory information store

A

In Sperling’s model this store maintains verbal information in short-term memory through rehearsal.

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21
Q

auditory-memory

A

memory about our personal experiences

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22
Q

automatic processing

A

performing mental operations that require very little mental effort.

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23
Q

availability heuristic

A

estimating probability by the ease with which examples can be recalled.

24
Q

average distance rule

A

a classification strategy that selects the category containing items having the greatest average similarity to the classified item.

25
Q

basic-level category

A

an intermediate category in the middle of hierarchy, such as table, saw, truck.

26
Q

Baye’s theorem

A

a normative procedure for revising a probability by combing a prior probability with evidence.

27
Q

bizarre image

A

a fantastic or unusual image

28
Q

bottleneck theory

A

a theory that attempts to explain how people select information when some information processing stage become overloaded with too much information.

29
Q

Broca’s aphasia

A

a language disorder attributed to damage in the frontal lobe of the brain.

30
Q

capacity theory

A

a theory that proposes that we have a limited amount of mental effort to distribute across tasks, so there are limitations on the number of tasks we can perform at the same time.

31
Q

caricature

A

an exaggeration of distinctive features to make a pattern more distinctive

32
Q

category-size

A

the finding that members of smaller categories are classified more quickly than members of larger categories

33
Q

causal relation

A

an event that results in the occurrence of another event.

34
Q

central executive

A

a component of Baddeley’s working memory model that manages the use of working memory.

35
Q

cerebral blood flow

A

measurement of blood flow to localized where cognitive operations occur in the brain.

36
Q

characteristic feature

A

a feature that is usually present in members of that category, but is not necessary.

37
Q

chunks

A

a cluster of items that has been stored as a unit

38
Q

clustering

A

percentage of occasions in which a word is followed by its primary associate during the free recall of words.

39
Q

coding

A

semantic elaboration of information to make it easier to remember

40
Q

cognitive interview

A

the use of cognitively based retrieval techniques to improve recall

41
Q

cognitive neuroscience

A

the study of the relation between cognitive processes and brain activities

42
Q

cognitive psychology

A

the study of the mental operations that support people’s acquisition and use of knowledge

43
Q

cognitive science

A

the interdisciplinary attempt to study cognition through such fields as psychology, philosophy, arti8ficial intelligence, neuroscience, linguistics, and anthropology.

44
Q

compensatory model,

A

a strategy that allows positive attributes to compensate for negative ones.

45
Q

concentration

A

investing mental effort in one or more task.

46
Q

concept identification

A

a task that requires deciding whether an item is an example of a concept, where concepts are typically defined by logical rules.

47
Q

conceptually driven process

A

a process that is influenced by a person’s strategies

48
Q

concrete-abstract dimension

A

extent to which a concept can be represented by a picture.

49
Q

conjunctive model

A

a strategy that evaluates one alternative at a time and rejects it if the value of one of its attributes fails to satisfy a minimum criterion.

50
Q

conjunctive rule

A

a rule that uses the logical relation and to relate stimulus attributes, such as small and square.

51
Q

contextual effect

A

the influence of the surrounding context on the recognition of patterns.

52
Q

continuous dimension

A

an attribute that can take on any value along a dimension

53
Q

control process

A

a strategy that determines how information is processed

54
Q

creativity

A

creating a novel and useful product or solution

55
Q

cued recall

A

recall that occurs with hints or cures, such as providing t5he questions asked during the judgment phase of a task.

Cognitive PSYC Vocab (24 decks)

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