CognitivePSYC

Question 1

absolute judgment task

Answer 1

identifying stimuli that vary along a single, sensory continuum.

Question 2

acoustic code

Answer 2

a memory code based on the sound of the stimulus

Question 3

acoustic confusion

Answer 3

an error that sounds like the correct answer

Question 4

activation rule

Answer 4

a rule that determines how inhibitory and excitatory connections combine to determine the total activation of a concept

Question 5

additive-difference model

Answer 5

a strategy that compares two alternatives by adding the difference in their values for each attribute

Question 6

algorithm

Answer 6

a set of rules that will solve a problem if correctly followed.

Question 7

allocation of capacity

Answer 7

when limited amount of capacity is distributed to various task.

Question 8

amodal

Answer 8

knowledge that is abstracted from sensory experiences

Question 9

anagram

Answer 9

a problem that requires rearranging a string of letters to form a word.

Question 10

analogical transfer

Answer 10

use of the same solution in solving two problems.

Question 11

analogy problem

Answer 11

a four term problem that requires finding the answer that completes the relation: A is to B as C is to D.

Question 12

Analogy

Answer 12

solving a problem by using a solution to a related problem.

Question 13

arousal

Answer 13

a physiological state that influences the distribution of mentally capacity to various tasks.

Question 14

arrangement problem

Answer 14

a problem that requires rearranging its parts to satisfy a specified criterion

Question 15

artificial intelligence

Answer 15

the study of how to produce computer programs that can perform intellectually demanding tasks.

Question 16

association value

Answer 16

the number of verbal associations generated for a concept

Question 17

attention window

Answer 17

the attended part of the visual buffer in kosslyn’s model

Question 18

attenuation

Answer 18

a decrease in the perceived loudness of an unattended message.

Question 19

attribute learning

Answer 19

a concept identification task in which people are told the logical rule (such as conjunctive) but have to discover the relevant attributes.

Question 20

auditory information store

Answer 20

In Sperling’s model this store maintains verbal information in short-term memory through rehearsal.

Question 21

auditory-memory

Answer 21

memory about our personal experiences

Question 22

automatic processing

Answer 22

performing mental operations that require very little mental effort.

Question 23

availability heuristic

Answer 23

estimating probability by the ease with which examples can be recalled.

Question 24

average distance rule

Answer 24

a classification strategy that selects the category containing items having the greatest average similarity to the classified item.

Question 25

basic-level category

Answer 25

an intermediate category in the middle of hierarchy, such as table, saw, truck.

Question 26

Baye's theorem

Answer 26

a normative procedure for revising a probability by combing a prior probability with evidence.

Question 27

bizarre image

Answer 27

a fantastic or unusual image

Question 28

bottleneck theory

Answer 28

a theory that attempts to explain how people select information when some information processing stage become overloaded with too much information.

Question 29

Broca's aphasia

Answer 29

a language disorder attributed to damage in the frontal lobe of the brain.

Question 30

capacity theory

Answer 30

a theory that proposes that we have a limited amount of mental effort to distribute across tasks, so there are limitations on the number of tasks we can perform at the same time.

Question 31

caricature

Answer 31

an exaggeration of distinctive features to make a pattern more distinctive

Question 32

category-size

Answer 32

the finding that members of smaller categories are classified more quickly than members of larger categories

Question 33

causal relation

Answer 33

an event that results in the occurrence of another event.

Question 34

central executive

Answer 34

a component of Baddeley's working memory model that manages the use of working memory.

Question 35

cerebral blood flow

Answer 35

measurement of blood flow to localized where cognitive operations occur in the brain.

Question 36

characteristic feature

Answer 36

a feature that is usually present in members of that category, but is not necessary.

Question 37

chunks

Answer 37

a cluster of items that has been stored as a unit

Question 38

clustering

Answer 38

percentage of occasions in which a word is followed by its primary associate during the free recall of words.

Question 39

coding

Answer 39

semantic elaboration of information to make it easier to remember

Question 40

cognitive interview

Answer 40

the use of cognitively based retrieval techniques to improve recall

Question 41

cognitive neuroscience

Answer 41

the study of the relation between cognitive processes and brain activities

Question 42

cognitive psychology

Answer 42

the study of the mental operations that support people's acquisition and use of knowledge

Question 43

cognitive science

Answer 43

the interdisciplinary attempt to study cognition through such fields as psychology, philosophy, arti8ficial intelligence, neuroscience, linguistics, and anthropology.

Question 44

compensatory model,

Answer 44

a strategy that allows positive attributes to compensate for negative ones.

Question 45

concentration

Answer 45

investing mental effort in one or more task.

Question 46

concept identification

Answer 46

a task that requires deciding whether an item is an example of a concept, where concepts are typically defined by logical rules.

Question 47

conceptually driven process

Answer 47

a process that is influenced by a person's strategies

Question 48

concrete-abstract dimension

Answer 48

extent to which a concept can be represented by a picture.

Question 49

conjunctive model

Answer 49

a strategy that evaluates one alternative at a time and rejects it if the value of one of its attributes fails to satisfy a minimum criterion.

Question 50

conjunctive rule

Answer 50

a rule that uses the logical relation and to relate stimulus attributes, such as small and square.

Question 51

contextual effect

Answer 51

the influence of the surrounding context on the recognition of patterns.

Question 52

continuous dimension

Answer 52

an attribute that can take on any value along a dimension

Question 53

control process

Answer 53

a strategy that determines how information is processed

Question 54

creativity

Answer 54

creating a novel and useful product or solution

Question 55

cued recall

Answer 55

recall that occurs with hints or cures, such as providing t5he questions asked during the judgment phase of a task.