PSYC 345 Exam 4

Question 1

behavior therapy groups

Answer 1

An approach in which patients with similar problems eg depression agoraphobia pain are treated as a group using standard behavioral or cognitivebehavioral methods In behavior therapy groups little attention is generally given to group dynamics

Question 2

behavioral family therapy

Answer 2

An approach to family therapy that views family relations in terms of reinforcement contingencies Here the therapists role is to generate a behavioral analysis of family problems and induce family members to reinforce each other so as to increase the frequency of desired behaviors A more cognitively focused therapist might teach individual family members to selfmonitor problematic behaviors and patterns of thinking and challenge their interpretations of family events

Question 3

behavioral marital therapy BMT

Answer 3

A form of couples therapy that applies principles of reinforcement to a couples interactions Major components of BMT include contingency contracting supportunderstanding techniques and problemsolving techniques

Question 4

collaborative family therapy

Answer 4

A form of family therapy where each family member sees a different therapist and the therapists meet periodically to discuss their patients and the family as a whole A variation of this approach involves having cotherapists work with the same family

Question 5

communication

Answer 5

The verbal or nonverbal exchange of information about facts thoughts or feelings

Question 6

concurrent family therapy

Answer 6

A form of family therapy in which one therapist sees all family members in individual sessions In some cases the therapist may conduct traditional psychotherapy with the principal patient but also occasionally see other members of the family

Question 7

conjoint family therapy

Answer 7

A form of family therapy in which one therapist meets with the entire family at the same time

Question 8

contingency contracting

Answer 8

In BMT a technique in which spouses are trained to modify their own behavior to bring about a specific desired change in the behavior of their mate

Question 9

couples therapy

Answer 9

A form of psychotherapy in which a couple married unmarried or samesex meets with one or more therapists to work on any number of issues

Question 10

curative factors in group therapy

Answer 10

The commonalities among diverse group therapy approaches proposed by Yalom to be the source of the positive treatment effect These factors include imparting information instilling hope universality altruism interpersonal learning imitative behavior corrective recapitulation of the primary family catharsis and group cohesiveness

Question 11

doublebind

Answer 11

A case in which an individual is told two contradictory messages by an important figure n his or her life such that every response he or she makes with regard to that figure is wrong At one time doublebind situations were believed to contribute to the development of schizophrenia

Question 12

emotionally focused couples therapy EFT

Answer 12

A form of couples therapy that is based on the assumption that marital distress results from negative affect and destructive interactional styles The interventions of EFT attempt to change partners problematic interactional styles and emotional responses so that a stronger and more secure emotional bond can be established

Question 13

family therapy

Answer 13

A form of psychotherapy in which several members of a family are seen by the therapist in addition to the identified patient This therapy modality is based on the idea that everyone in a family is affected when one member develops a problem and that the home environment may have contributed to the development of the problem in the first place Although there are a variety of theoretical family approaches most share the primary goal of improving communication within the family

Question 14

general systems theory

Answer 14

An important concept in family therapy that conceives of the family as a system and believes that pathology is best reduced by altering the way that the system functions

Question 15

Gestalt groups

Answer 15

A group approach in which the therapist focuses on one patient at a time and asks that person to experience his or her feelings and behaviors while the other group members are asked to observe or provide feedback to the person in the hot seat

Question 16

group therapy

Answer 16

A form of psychotherapy in which one or more therapists treat a number of patients at the same time Generally speaking most groups consist of five to ten patients who meet with the therapist at least once a week for 90minute to 2hour sessions However groups may differ greatly in their theoretical orientations their rules and exclusions and whether they are viewed as primary or supplemental modes of treatment

Question 17

multisystemic therapy

Answer 17

A form of family therapy originally developed to treat antisocial behaviors in youth It is unique in that it is administered in the home school or neighborhood and focuses on the familys role in the problems

Question 18

problemsolving techniques

Answer 18

In BMT training couples in positive communication skills to enhance the effectiveness of decision making and negotiation

Question 19

psychoanalytic group psychotherapy

Answer 19

Generally speaking psychoanalytic therapy carried out in a group setting Here group dynamics are considered secondary to individual processes and the group acts as a vehicle through which the individual may obtain insight into his or her unconscious forces and defenses

Question 20

psychodrama

Answer 20

A form of roleplaying developed by Moreno in which one patient in a group acts out a role assigned by the therapist other patients serve as the supporting cast of auxiliary egos and yet other patients serve as the audience The idea is that by listening to the responses of the auxiliary egos and the reactions of the audience the patient in the primary role will experience catharsis and selfunderstanding

Question 21

supportunderstanding techniques

Answer 21

In BMT techniques that aim to increase partners positive feelings positive behaviors and the degree of collaboration between them

Question 22

timelimited group therapy

Answer 22

A group approach to brief therapy forwarded by Budman and Gurman in which patients meet weekly for a predetermined number of sessions Four central characteristics include pregroup screening and preparation the establishment and maintenance of a working focus group cohesion and member reactions to the time limits of the group

Question 23

transactional analysis

Answer 23

A group method developed by Berne that focuses upon the ego states Child Parent or Adult that are evident based on patients transactions with other group members as well as the valence positive or negative of these ego states and helps patients adopt ways of thinking that are more characteristic of the positive Adult ego state Another emphasis in TA is on identifying the games that patients employ to avoid getting too close to others and helping them to adopt more satisfying behaviors

Question 24

anxiety hierarchy

Answer 24

In systematic desensitization a list of situations that precipitate anxiety reactions ordered from lowest to highest severity Often items may be organized according to their spatial or temporal distance from the feared stimulus

Question 25

assertiveness training

Answer 25

Using behavioral rehearsal and other techniques to train people to express their needs effectively without infringing on the rights of others

Question 26

aversion therapy

Answer 26

A controversial type of treatment in which an undesired behavior is followed consistently by an unpleasant consequence thus decreasing the strength of the behavior over time

Question 27

behavior therapy

Answer 27

A framework for treating disorders that is based on the principles of conditioning or learning The behavioral approach is scientific in nature and deemphasizes the role of inferred ie unobservable variables on behavior

Question 28

behavioral rehearsal

Answer 28

A general technique for expanding the patients repertoire of coping behaviors Successful behavioral rehearsal involves explaining to the patient the necessity of acquiring the new behaviors selecting the target situations conducting the rehearsal and providing feedback and having the patient apply the newly acquired skills in reallife situations

Question 29

cognitive therapy

Answer 29

A mode of therapy pioneered by Aaron Beck that focuses on the connection between thinking patterns emotions and behavior and uses both cognitive and behavioral techniques to modify the dysfunctional thinking patterns that characterize a disorder Cognitive therapy is active structured and time limited and has been adapted for the treatment of several disorders

Question 30

cognitivebehavioral therapy

Answer 30

A therapy framework that emphasizes the role of thinking in the etiology and maintenance of problems Cognitivebehavioral techniques attempt to modify the patterns of thinking that are believed to contribute to a patients problems and may also employ the principles of conditioning and learning to modify problematic behaviors

Question 31

contingency contracting

Answer 31

A contingency management technique in which the therapist and patient draw up a contract that specifies the behaviors that are desired and undesired as well as the consequences of engaging or failing to engage in these behaviors

Question 32

contingency management

Answer 32

Any one of a variety of operant conditioning techniques that attempts to control a behavior by manipulating its consequences

Question 33

counterconditioning

Answer 33

The principle of substituting relaxation for an anxiety response

Question 34

covert sensitization

Answer 34

A form of aversion therapy in which patients are directed to imagine themselves engaging in an undesired behavior and then are instructed to imagine extremely aversive events occurring once they have the undesired behavior clearly in mind

Question 35

dialectical behavior therapy

Answer 35

A cognitivebehavioral therapy developed by Marsha Linehan for borderline personality disorder and related conditions that teaches skills in mindfulness emotion regulation distress tolerance and interpersonal effectiveness

Question 36

exposure plus response prevention

Answer 36

A behavioral technique often used for the treatment of OCD In this technique the patient is exposed to the situation that spurs his or her obsession eg touching a doorknob and is prevented from engaging in the compulsive behavior that relieves the obsession eg repeated hand washing Ultimately the patient will habituate to his or her obsession and the compulsive behavior will be extinguished

Question 37

exposure therapy

Answer 37

A behavioral technique for reducing anxiety in which patients expose themselves in real life or in fantasy to stimuli or situations that are feared or avoided To be effective the exposure must provoke anxiety must be of sufficient duration and must be repeated until all anxiety is eliminated

Question 38

extinction

Answer 38

The elimination of an undesired response eg behavioral emotional

Question 39

habituation

Answer 39

The elimination of a response that comes about from the repeated and or prolonged presentation of the provoking stimulus

Question 40

interoceptive cues

Answer 40

Internal physiological stimuli eg dizziness or nausea

Question 41

modeling

Answer 41

Also known as observational learning the learning of a new skill or set of behaviors by observing another person perform these skills behaviors

Question 42

overcorrection

Answer 42

A form of aversion therapy in which the client is made to overcorrect for the consequences of his or her undesired behavior