Proteins (CH 3.4) Flashcards
What are the 7 job categories that proteins can fill?
- Enzyme Catalysis
- Defense
- Transport
- Support
- Motion
- Regulation
- Storage
How will the protein complete it’s duty as Enzyme Catalysis?
- Facilitate specific chemical reactions by stressing particular chemical bonds
- They’re 3D, globular & fit snuggly around the molecules they act on
How will the protein complete its duty in Defense?
- They will be globular shaped
- Use their shapes to “recognize” foreign microbes & cancer cells
- Form the core of the body’s endocrine & immune systems
How will the protein complete its duty in Transport?
- They will be Globular shaped
- Transport small molecules & ions
- membrane transport proteins will help move ions & molecules across the membrane
How will the protein complete its duty in Support?
- Will be protein fibers= keratin in hair, fibrin in blood clots, collagen
- If its collagen= will serve as matrix of skin/ ligaments/ tendons/ bones, Will be most abundant protein in vertebrate body
How will the protein complete its duty in Motion?
- Help in muscle contraction bc Actin & Myosin out here slidin
- Contractile proteins= play key roles in cell’s cytoskeleton & moving materials within cells
How will the protein complete its duty in Regulation?
- Will be smaller proteins= hormones= intercellular messenger in animals
- Turning genes off/on during development
- Receive info= actin like surface cell receptors
How will the protein complete its duty in Storage?
-Calcium & iron are stored in the body by binding as ions to storage proteins
What are proteins?
- Linear polymers made w/ 20 different amino acids which contains an amino group & acidic carboxyl group
- Composed of 1 or more unbranched chain (polypeptide)
What determines the protein’s structure & function?
-The specific order of amino acids
How do R groups effect Amino Acids?
-R groups determine the unique characteristic of each amino acid & the chemistry of them
What are the 5 Chemical Classes that the 20 amino acids are grouped into based on their R group?
- NONPOLAR amino acids often have R groups that contain -CH2 or -CH3
- POLAR charged amino acids have R groups that contain oxygen/ -OH
- CHARGED amino acids have R groups that contain acids or bases that can ionize
- AROMATIC amino acids are nonpolar, they contain R groups that have an organic (carbon) ring w/ alternating double & single bond
- SPECIAL FUNCTIONS= SPECIAL PROPERTIES
What does an Amino Acid have once it’s ionized?
- R group
- Positive amino (NH3+) group at one end & a negative (COO-) group at the other
- Both of these groups on a pair of amino acids have undergone dehydration reaction to form a covalent bond
What is a Peptide bond?
- Covalent bond that links 2 amino acids via dehydration reaction
- Has partial double bond character which prevents amino acids to rotate around N-C linkage
What is a Polypeptide?
- Composed of amino acids linked by peptide bonds
- An unbranched chain that when added with more forms a protein
- A protein=polypeptide ONLY WHEN theres only 1 chain in a protein