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BIO 110 > EXAM 2 > Flashcards

EXAM 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

What do Hydroxyl groups & Carbonyl groups have in common?

A
  • They are both POLAR groups
  • Molecules with both groups will readily dissolve in water
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2
Q

What is Vanderwal’s Bonding?

A
  • It occurs between all atoms
  • And includes an attractive & repulsive component
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3
Q

What kind of Covalent bond will occur between C & N?

A

-It will be a polar bond

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4
Q

What characteristics do the H bonding in water have?

A
  • It is strong but able to be reversed so that water stays a liquid
  • It will also give water a high boiling point compared to molecules of the same size
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5
Q

What does the Hydrophobic Effect cause?

A
  • It leads to an association of nonpolar & another nonpolar group
  • It is also responsible for the association of phospholipids into a bilayer
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6
Q

What is an example of a base?

A

-It is exemplified as an Amino Group

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7
Q

What kind of compound is this?

A

-It is an acid= Acetic Acid (CH3COOH)

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8
Q

What does the Oxidation State do in terms of the true charge of atoms?

A

-It overestimates the true charge of an atom

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9
Q

What would be an example of an Oxidation Reaction?

A

-The burning of gasoline in a car engine

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10
Q

What are the key characteristics of Dehydration Synthesis of polymers?

A
  • It requires the cell to use energy
  • And it involves the loss of a water molecule when 2 monomers combine
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11
Q

What are the key characteristics of DNA?

A
  • It is made from Nucleotides that have H groups attached to the 2’ carbon
  • It is also double-stranded w/ hydrogen bonds connecting strand 1 to strand 2
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12
Q

A hemoglobin protein contains 4 polypeptide chains, what is true about hemoglobin?

A

-Each polypeptide chain is a covalent polymer of amino acids made by dehydration synthesis

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13
Q

What are the key characteristics of the major acid in the course?

A
  • It is a Carboxylic acid
  • And it has a neutral charge at low pH
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14
Q

What is the role of Protein Folding?

A
  • It is necessary for a protein to do its function
  • And it is the result of the hydrophobic effect
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15
Q

What are the key characteristics of triglycerides found in soybean seeds that make soybean oil?

A
  • They are liquid at room temperature
  • And they are a form of long-term energy storage for the plant to provide energy for the next generation
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16
Q

What kind of a polymer is Glycogen? (complex carb)

A

-It is a branched polymer

17
Q

What kind of bonds are used by Amino Acids in Nucleotides?

A

-Phosphodiester bonds

18
Q

What type of molecules does a big mac contain?

A
  • It contains 3 polymers of glucose= Starch, Glycogen, Cellulose
  • It also contains triglycerides
19
Q

What is it called when 2 polypeptides have similar but not identical sequences?

A

-They are the same protein but from different species (human insulin vs pig insulin)

20
Q

What are the key characteristics of the Nuclear Envelope?

A
  • It consists of 2 lipid bilayers
  • It also contains nuclear pores that allow for regulated flow of material between the nucleus & cytoplasm
21
Q

What are the key characteristics of Nuclear Pores?

A
  • They cross through the inner & outer membrane of the nuclear envelope
  • And it is the site where RNA passes through the cytoplasm
22
Q

What is true about Euchromatins?

A

-They include DNA that is actively being transcribed

23
Q

What is NOT TRUE about Protein Synthesis?

A

-It is not true that protein synthesis includes catalysis of ester bond formation by the protein component of the ribosome

24
Q

What are the properties of the rough ER?

A
  • It is the site for ribosomes making proteins for secretion for other organelles & other membranes
  • It is also a site for glycosylation of proteins made by ribosomes on the rough ER
25
Q

What are the forms of Prokaryotic cells?

A
  • They include bacteria & archea
  • They are also dominant forms of life on earth in terms of numbers, mass, & diversity
26
Q

What is the order of the steps for the Secretory Pathways for proteins?

A

-RER, transport vesicle, cis golgi, trans golgi, secretory vesicle

27
Q

What is the role of the Smooth ER?

A

-It is the site of phospholipid synthesis

28
Q

What happens to the proteins destined for membranes?

A
  • They have part of their sequence located in the lumen of the RER after synthesis
  • And they pass through the golgi during the pathway to their final destination
29
Q
A

BIO 110 (45 decks)

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