Prokaryotic Cells (CH 4.2)

Question 1

What are the Characteristics of Prokaryotic Cells?

Answer 1

• Lack nucleus
• Doesn’t have internal membrane system
• No numerous membrane-bounded organelles
• Cytoplasm surrounded by plasma membrane & encased in rigid cell wall
• No distinct interior compartments
• Contains ribosomes

Question 2

What are the Prokaryotic Domains?

Answer 2

• Archea

- Bacteria

Question 3

What are Prokaryotic Cells lacking?

Answer 3

-Membrane-bound organelles that’s found in eukaryotes

Question 4

What is their strength dependent on?

Answer 4

• Cell wall

- BUT cell wall structure is determined by Actin &; Tublin which are cytoskeletal elements

Question 5

What is a benefit for the Prokaryote for not having membrane-bounded organelles?

Answer 5

-DNA, Enzymes, &; other cytoplasmic constituents have access to all parts of the cell= whole prokaryote functions as a unit

Question 6

What is the cell wall of Bacteria made of?

Answer 6

-Peptidoglycan= consists of Carbo Matrix (polymers of sugars) cross-linked by short peptide bonds

Question 7

What is the job of the Cell Wall?

Answer 7

• Protect cell
• Maintain cell’s shape
• Preventions of excessive uptake of water/ loss of water

Question 8

What determines Bacteria’s susceptibility to antibiotics?

Answer 8

-The structure of their cell walls

Question 9

What are the Cell Walls of Achaea made of?

Answer 9

• SIKE, they generally don’t have cell walls

- Except for other cells, plants, & fungi

Question 10

What distinguishes Archea from Bacteria?

Answer 10

• The chemical structure of Archeal lipids are different
• Can include saturated hydrocarbons that are covalently bonded to glycerol at both ends
• Membrane is a monolayer
• Archea w/ greater thermal stability would not be able to adapt to changing environmental temps

Question 11

What process makes Archea & Eukaryotes more related than Archea & Bacteria?

Answer 11

-Cellular machinery that replicates DNA & synthesized proteins

Question 12

What is Flagella?

Answer 12

• Long, threadlike structures that protrude the surface of the cell
• Helps w/ locomotion

Question 13

How do Bacteria swim so fast?

Answer 13

-Rotating their flagella like screws by using energy stored in a gradient that transfers protons across plama membrane

Question 14

How big are Prokaryotes?

Answer 14

• Take up the smaller end of the cell size range

- 1 to 10 micrometers

Question 15

How do Prokaryotes affect the biosphere?

Answer 15

-Major source of O2 production, CO2 & N2

Question 16

What is cytoplasm?

Answer 16

• Fluid that fills the cells
• The soluable part= Cytosol plus suspended particles (like ribosomes)
• The remaining part is water

Question 17

What is the Plasma membrane?

Answer 17

-It surrounds the cells

Question 18

Do prokaryotes have organelles?

Answer 18

-They have very few organelles & they aren’t membrane bound

Question 19

What are organelles?

Answer 19

-(small organs)=Subcellular components w/ specific structure & function

Question 20

What are Ribosomes?

Answer 20

-Site for protein synthesis where dehydration synthesis makes covalent bonds between amino acids in a specific sequence

Question 21

How are Prokaryotic ribosomes different from Eukaryotic ribosomes?

Answer 21

-Eukaryotic ribosomes are just a little bigger & more complex