EXAM 3 Flashcards
What is an important characteristic of Secretory Vesicles?
-They fuse w/ the cell membrane during exocytosis
What are the important characteristic of Primary Lysosomes?
- They contain hydrolytic enzymes that gotta be segregated from the rest of the cell
- They bud off the Trans Golgi
What is Receptor-Mediated Endocytosis?
- It is endocytosis mediated by receptors of LDL
- So it brings LDL’s into the cell
What is the role of Chloroplasts?
- They reduce CO2 compounds to make lots of H
- They also have 3 membranes
What are the important characteristics of Intermediate Filaments in the cytoskeleton?
- They have the intermediate thickness
- They also form the Nuclear Lamina
What is the layer that separates epithelial cells from the rest of the body?
-The basil lamina
What is the basil lamina made of?
-Proteins & carbohydrates
What does the basil lamina contain that attaches it to the epithelial cells?
-Hemidesmosomes
What is the order of the compartments of mitochondria going inside out?
Matrix, inner membrane, intermembrane space, outer membrane
What is the permeability of triglycerides due to?
-It is due to the permeability of nonpolar molecules in the phospholipid bilayer
What are the characteristics of integral membrane proteins?
- They include channel proteins
- They also contain a transmembrane domain
What does the Fluid Mosaic Model state?
-It states that membrane lipids & membrane proteins are free to move around the plane of the phospholipid bilayer
What is found in the plasma membrane?
- Phospholipids
- Cholesterol
- Transporter proteins
- Sphingolipids
What is Facilitated diffusion?
-It is the movement of molecules through carries or channels down the concentration gradient
What will the fatty acids of an organism living in warm temperatures do?
-It will make longer & more saturated fatty acids for its membrane than an organism living in cold temps
What are the important characteristics of the Plasmodesmata?
-It connects the cytoplasm & ER of 2 adjacent plant cells
What do the equations expressing the 1st & 2nd law of thermodynamics include?
- It includes E at time 1= E in time 2
- And that these equations are only true in isolated systems
What is an example of very low entropy?
-A refrigerator separating hot & cold
What is the change of Free Energy?
- It is negative for the formation of steam from water at temps lower than 100 degrees celsius
- It is also calculated as ending G minus beginning G
What must happen to an endergonic reaction?
-Energy must be supplied to make the reaction happen
Why can cells make the products of endergonic reactions?
-Because they couple endergonic & exergonic reactions together
What will happen to a reaction w/ a large activation energy?
-It will occur slowly unless it is catalyzed or heated
What are the important roles of enzymes?
- They can reduce the height of the activation barrier by stabilizing the transition state
- They can also orient molecules in an ideal direction that is better for reaction
