EXAM 1 Flashcards
What is the characteristic of Scientific Hypothesis?
-They have to be capable of being proved false in order for them to mean anything
What DOES NOT DEFINE scientific knowledge?
-That it can be privately owned by one person
What is Science?
- A mech for identifying what we can generally accept as true
- And it is a tool for weeding out what we like to be true
What is NOT a characteristic about Cellular theory?
- That it is consistent w/ spontaneous generation
- SO not consistent w/ formation of life from non-living matter
What is the role of important theories in biology?
-They link many hypotheses into a more general model
What is the theory of Evolution by Natural Selection?
- It states that organisms have evolved over time
- And that the natural selection by different survival & reproduction methods are the mechs for evolution
What does the total diversity of life include?
- It includes an estimated 8 million currently living species
- And many species that are now extinct
What is the organism right below the first divergence of the tree of life?
-It is the common ancestor to all currently living organisms that has characteristics shared w/ all currently living organism
How can the 3 domains of life be arranged on the tree of life?
- They can be arranged by the evolutionary relatedness
- SO shorter branches= greater relatedness
What is the difference between atoms interacting to make molecules & cells interacting to make organisms?
- Cells have evolved to interact w/ each other while atoms have not
- And the interaction of cells to make an organism yields emergent properties while atoms interacting don’t
What is the relationship between mass & energy according to the theory of social relativity?
- This relationship applies to all types of energy
- It is also defined by E=MC2
What is the average lifetime of a species?
-A million years
How big are atoms?
-1 Angstrom
What do elementary particles include?
-Leptons & Quarks
Where do most of the mass of a proton come from?
-The kinetic energy of the quarks & the potential energy in their interactions to make a proton
What do Fundamental forces do?
-They are a way of storing energy as potential energy
What does the weakest of the 4 fundamental forces do?
-It holds the earth in orbit around the sun
What class are Electrons part of?
-They are a member of the Lepton class
What are the characteristics of a system of atoms, particles or molecules?
- They will rarely undergo reactions that gain energy from the environment & that release energy into the environment
- They will always tend to the lowest state of potential energy
What describes the process of pulling ions apart?
-It is an example of potential energy stored by the opposing electromagnetism which can be recovered by letting the ions come together
What makes silver different from gold?
-Silver & gold atoms have different compositions of the same types of subatomic particles
Why are radioactive isotopes useful as tracers?
-They are useful because they release easily detected energy when they decay & they are chemically similar to stable isotopes of the same element
What does 6 x 10^23 AMU (daltons) equal?
1 gram
What mass does 6x 10^23 protons have?
1 gram
What does it mean when an atom has 7 outer shell electrons?
- It means that it is located next to the last column on the RIGHT side of the periodic table
- And that it easily gains an electron to become a negative ion
How many electrons can an electron orbital hold?
2 electrons
What does the L=2 energy level mean?
-It determines the chemical activity of elements in the 2nd row of the periodic table
Where are the P orbitals located on the periodic table?
-On the RIGHT side of the periodic table
