EXAM 1

Question 1

What is the characteristic of Scientific Hypothesis?

Answer 1

-They have to be capable of being proved false in order for them to mean anything

Question 2

What DOES NOT DEFINE scientific knowledge?

Answer 2

-That it can be privately owned by one person

Question 3

What is Science?

Answer 3

• A mech for identifying what we can generally accept as true
• And it is a tool for weeding out what we like to be true

Question 4

What is NOT a characteristic about Cellular theory?

Answer 4

• That it is consistent w/ spontaneous generation

- SO not consistent w/ formation of life from non-living matter

Question 5

What is the role of important theories in biology?

Answer 5

-They link many hypotheses into a more general model

Question 6

What is the theory of Evolution by Natural Selection?

Answer 6

• It states that organisms have evolved over time

- And that the natural selection by different survival & reproduction methods are the mechs for evolution

Question 7

What does the total diversity of life include?

Answer 7

• It includes an estimated 8 million currently living species
• And many species that are now extinct

Question 8

What is the organism right below the first divergence of the tree of life?

Answer 8

-It is the common ancestor to all currently living organisms that has characteristics shared w/ all currently living organism

Question 9

How can the 3 domains of life be arranged on the tree of life?

Answer 9

• They can be arranged by the evolutionary relatedness

- SO shorter branches= greater relatedness

Question 10

What is the difference between atoms interacting to make molecules & cells interacting to make organisms?

Answer 10

• Cells have evolved to interact w/ each other while atoms have not
• And the interaction of cells to make an organism yields emergent properties while atoms interacting don’t

Question 11

What is the relationship between mass & energy according to the theory of social relativity?

Answer 11

• This relationship applies to all types of energy

- It is also defined by E=MC2

Question 12

What is the average lifetime of a species?

Answer 12

-A million years

Question 13

How big are atoms?

Answer 13

-1 Angstrom

Question 14

What do elementary particles include?

Answer 14

-Leptons & Quarks

Question 15

Where do most of the mass of a proton come from?

Answer 15

-The kinetic energy of the quarks & the potential energy in their interactions to make a proton

Question 16

What do Fundamental forces do?

Answer 16

-They are a way of storing energy as potential energy

Question 17

What does the weakest of the 4 fundamental forces do?

Answer 17

-It holds the earth in orbit around the sun

Question 18

What class are Electrons part of?

Answer 18

-They are a member of the Lepton class

Question 19

What are the characteristics of a system of atoms, particles or molecules?

Answer 19

• They will rarely undergo reactions that gain energy from the environment & that release energy into the environment
• They will always tend to the lowest state of potential energy

Question 20

What describes the process of pulling ions apart?

Answer 20

-It is an example of potential energy stored by the opposing electromagnetism which can be recovered by letting the ions come together

Question 21

What makes silver different from gold?

Answer 21

-Silver & gold atoms have different compositions of the same types of subatomic particles

Question 22

Why are radioactive isotopes useful as tracers?

Answer 22

-They are useful because they release easily detected energy when they decay & they are chemically similar to stable isotopes of the same element

Question 23

What does 6 x 10^23 AMU (daltons) equal?

Answer 23

1 gram

Question 24

What mass does 6x 10^23 protons have?

Answer 24

1 gram

Question 25

What does it mean when an atom has 7 outer shell electrons?

Answer 25

• It means that it is located next to the last column on the RIGHT side of the periodic table
• And that it easily gains an electron to become a negative ion

Question 26

How many electrons can an electron orbital hold?

Answer 26

2 electrons

Question 27

What does the L=2 energy level mean?

Answer 27

-It determines the chemical activity of elements in the 2nd row of the periodic table

Question 28

Where are the P orbitals located on the periodic table?

Answer 28

-On the RIGHT side of the periodic table