Prostate CA Flashcards
how come no compression of urethra with prostate CA
this CA is peripheral/subcapsular meaning the CA develops below capsule lining outside of prostate (peripherally)
risk factors
- aging
- diet & ethnicity
- familial
- androgens
how does diet & ethnicity inc risk
- Japanese men yellow seaweed in diet –> protects prostate
- African American men predisposed genetically
how do androgens inc risk
Male sex hormones support growth & Fx of prostate along with growth of malignant CA cells
patho (type, spreading)
- 98% are adenocarcinomas
- arises peripherally & multicentric
- malignancy locally invasive, as it advances, it spreads through extension –> impacts seminal vesicles & urinary bladder
mnfts
early symptoms:
- dysuria
- hematuria
- lower back pain
when do mnfts appear
after invasion or mets
dysuria
pain upon urination
why does lower back pain mnft
d/t mets to bone or referred pain from prostate region (bone CA –> necrosis of bone tissue)
Dx
- Hx, Px
- DRE (direct rectal exam)
- PSA (prostate-specific antigen)
- Kallikreen
- ProPSA
- transurethral U/S
- biopsy
screenings for Dx
- Kallikreen
- ProPSA
Tx
stage, grade, and age-based
- active surveillance
- antiandrogen
- radical prostatectomy
- radiation
active surveillance Tx
for localized, low risk older men whose probability of death from natural causes is high; watch for spreading but no Tx
antiandrogen Tx
Suppress hormones that support growth of tumor (ex. Synthetic estrogen will oppose action of androgens)
radical prostatectomy
Removal of prostate & surrounding structures (incl seminal vesicles where CA most likely will spread)
