Lung CA Flashcards
lung CA
aggressive, invasive CA of the lungs that mets easily
metastasis location
skeleton, liver, brain (large & richly vascularized sites)
4 primary types
- small cell carcinoma
- large cell carcinoma
- squamous cell carcinoma
- adenocarcinoma
which of 4 types is SCLC
small cell carcinoma
which of 4 types is NSCLC
- large cell carcinoma
- squamous cell carcinoma
- adenocarcinoma
etiology
- smoking (>85%)
- toxins (ex. asbestos)
- marijuana
- mutation of cells
asbestos
compound used for older buildings; when inhaled it is carcinogenic
why is SCLC worst type to have
It is aggressive, invasive, & early mets – esp to brain
small cell carcinoma characteristics
- “oat” cell carcinoma
- 99% of SCLC in smokers
- worst type to have
- mets at Dx
- paraneoplastic syndrome
why is there mets at Dx with SCLC
b/c no screening test avail so CA already advanced on discovery
why do paraneoplastic syndrome occur w/ SCLC
d/t tumor secreting hormone-like substances that have same action as affected hormones
examples of paraneoplastic syndromes
- SIADH
- Cushing’s
large cell carcinoma characteristics
- large, undifferentiated cells
- early mets –> poor prognosis
- peripheral origin
large cell carcinoma location
- peripheral origin (alveoli, bronchioles) –> small a/w peripheral in respect to resp system
squamous cell carcinoma characteristics
- more common in males
- originates in central bronchi
- intraluminal (within lumen of bronchi)
- impacts mediastinum & surrounding structures (affects heart, lungs, etc.)
- spreads to hilar lymph nodes
squamous cell carcinoma location
- central bronchi
- intraluminal (within lumen of bronchi)
adenocarcinoma characteristics
- CA of glandular epith (most common type of lung CA)
- mostly in females & non-smokers
- originates in alveoli or bronchioles –> peripheral
adenocarcinoma location
alveoli or bronchioles (bronchogenic carcinoma) –> peripheral
mnfts depend on…
- site (type)
- stage
- extent, mets
- paraneoplastic syndrome
mnfts
- pain
- hemoptysis (coughing up blood)
- coughing
- wheezing
- dyspnea
- compromised cardiac Fx
if central origin, ventilation is impaired causing what mnfts
- coughing
- wheezing
- dyspnea
why does hemoptysis occur
d/t tumor damaging blood vessels
Dx
- Hx, Px
- XR, U/S, CT, MRI
- cytology (sputum or bronchial wash)
- bronchoscopy, biopsy
Tx for SCLC
chemo & radiation
Tx for NSCLC
Sx, radiation & chemo
