Osteoporosis Flashcards
osteoporosis
bone cavity formation d/t l/o bone mass –> inc fragility to bones –> fracture
etiology
multifactorial (complex):
- genetic predisposition (Peak Bone Mass)
- aging (bone loss begins at ~30 yrs)
- l/o estrogen at menopause
risk factors
1) low peak bone mass (BPM)
2) post menopausal women (inc bone loss) –> estrogen prod dec
why does dec estrogen production inc risk for osteoporosis
Estrogen has protective effect on bone, involved in maintaining balance b/w osteoblast & osteoclast activity –> produces mediators to inhibit osteoclast activity & regulate breakdown
- l/o estrogen = dec osteoclast formation
patho
- imbal b/w formation & resorption of bone –> ongoing l/o bone
- microdamage –> bone internally damaged
- most changes occur in diaphysis & metaphysis (where most bone growth occurs)
mnfts
- asympt (until bone fracture)
- reduced height & change in stature
- dyspnea
- loose & degraded teeth
- pain (early mnft)
why does reduced height & change in stature mnft
Vertebrae loses bone mass
why does dyspnea mnft
External pressure applied on ribcage d/t hunched stature –> inhibit lung expansion
cmplx of loose & degraded teeth (mnft)
Cannot chew hard foods –> impacts diet –> dietary deficiencies
Dx
- bone density scans
- X-ray
- DEXA (Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry)
bone density scans
- Principle of scan is passing photos of light through bone (if bone less dense, more light passes through)
- Usually use lumbar spine, radius, and neck of femur
- Detects degree of absorption of light
Tx
- prevent bone loss & early detection
- adequate calcium & vit D consumption
- weight-bearing activities
pharmacology:
- antiresorptive agents
- anabolic agents
why is weight-bearing activity a Tx
it stimulates osteoclast activity (same action as estrogen)
ex. brisk walking, jogging, etc.
antiresorptive agents
inhibits osteoclast activity (same action as estrogen)
anabolic agents
enhances osteoclast activity (more bone deposition to outweigh breakdown)
