Breast CA Flashcards
majority of breast CA found where
upper outer quadrant (closest to armpit)
Tail of Spence
extension of breast tissue that extends into axilla
etiology/risk factors
- mutation of oncogenes (genes that regulate self-proliferation)
- family Hx of breast CA
- mutated BRCA1 gene on Chr 17
- mutated BRCA2 gene on Chr13
- inc age
- hormonal factors
mutation of BRCA1 and 2 gene results in what
growth suppression limited & malignant cells proliferate rapidly
why does inc age inc risk of breast CA
d/t inc exposure of carcinogens
what hormonal factors inc risk of breast CA
- receiving HRT after menopause
- entering menopause late
- early menarche
- nulliparity
HRT
hormone replacement therapy of estrogen & progestin (a form of progesterone)
why does entering menopause late inc risk of breast CA
Breasts exposed to estrogen for longer period of time –> inc risk (estrogen = breast CA risk factor)
why does early menarche inc risk of breast CA
Extended estrogen exposure = inc risk
why does nulliparity inc risk of breast CA
d/t no break in menstrual cycle
ductal carcinoma in situ characteristics
- intraductal (non-invasive)
- stage 0 = tumor is in early stages (“pre-cancerous”)
infiltrating ductal carcinoma
- formed on its own or from ductal carcinoma in situ
- ductal origin
- solid, irregular mass
- infiltrating (invasive)
ductal origin
tumor arises from duct system and invades surrounding tissues
proximal mets of infiltrating ductal carcinoma to where
axillary lymph nodes
distal mets of infiltrating ductal carcinoma to where
liver, bone, brain
